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西村明儒

徳島大学

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2024年11月14日更新

職名: 教授
電話: 088-633-7084
電子メール: ncc1701abcde@tokushima-u.ac.jp
学歴: 1992/3: 神戸大学大学院医学研究科博士課程修了
学位: 博士(医学) (神戸大学) (1992年3月)
職歴・経歴: 2008/4: 徳島大学教授, 大学院ヘルスバイオサイエンス研究部 (-2015.3.)
2015/4: 徳島大学教授, 大学院医歯薬学研究部

専門分野・研究分野: 医学 (Medicine)

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2024年11月14日更新

専門分野・研究分野: 医学 (Medicine)
担当経験のある授業科目: SIH道場~アクティブ・ラーニング入門~(歯学部) (共通教育)
予防医学 (学部)
再生修復機能病理学 (大学院)
再生修復機能病理学演習 (大学院)
医と法・倫理 (共通教育)
医事法制/法医学(隣接医学C) (学部)
感覚運動系病態医学実験実習・臨床研究実習 (大学院)
栄養教育論実習 (学部)
歯科臨床示説 (学部)
法医学 (学部)
法医学・医事法制 (学部)
法医学・医事法制(4年) (学部)
法医学実習 (学部)
生命倫理概論 (大学院)
社会医学 (学部)
社会医学実習 (学部)
臨床実習入門(チーム医療・診療現場見学実習) (学部)
臨床実習入門(講義) (学部)
臨床実習後OSCE (学部)
指導経験: 1人 (博士)

研究者総覧で最新データを確認する

2024年11月14日更新

専門分野・研究分野: 医学 (Medicine)

研究テーマ: 研究者総覧に該当データはありませんでした。

著書

西村明儒, 石上安希子 :
歯科医師のための死亡診断書を書く際の留意点,
2014年. 西村明儒, 石上安希子 :
鑑定書を書く際の留意点,
2014年. 西村明儒 :
column3 災害と医療,
株式会社吉川弘文館, 2012年6月. 西村明儒 :
死体検案,遺体の取り扱い,
ぎょうせい, 2011年5月.

論文

Hideyuki Nushida, Asuka Ito, Hiromitsu Kurata, Itsuo Tokunaga, Hitomi Umemoto, Hirofumi Iseki and Akiyoshi Nishimura :
A case of thoracic organs migrating into the left upper arm subcutaneously due to a runover,
Forensic Imaging, Vol.35, 200567, 2023.

(キーワード): Thoracic organ / Migration / Postmortem computed tomography / Forensic autopsy
(徳島大学機関リポジトリ): ● Metadata: 119597
(出版サイトへのリンク): ● Publication site (DOI): 10.1016/j.fri.2023.200567
(文献検索サイトへのリンク): ● Summary page in Scopus @ Elsevier: 2-s2.0-85175306408

(徳島大学機関リポジトリ: 119597, DOI: 10.1016/j.fri.2023.200567, Elsevier: Scopus) Hideyuki Nushida, Asuka Ito, Hiromitsu Kurata, Hitomi Umemoto, Itsuo Tokunaga, Hirofumi Iseki and Akiyoshi Nishimura :
A case of fatal multi-organ inflammation following COVID-19 vaccination.,
Legal Medicine, Vol.63, 102244, 2023.

(要約): A 14-year-old Japanese girl died unexpectedly 2days after receiving the third dose of the BNT1262b2 mRNA COVID-19 vaccine. Autopsy findings showed congestive edema of the lungs, T-cell lymphocytic and macrophage infiltration in the lungs, pericardium, and myocardium of the left atria and left ventricle, liver, kidneys, stomach, duodenum, bladder, and diaphragm. Since there was no preceding infection, allergy, or drug toxicity exposure, the patient was diagnosed with post-vaccination pneumonia, myopericarditis, hepatitis, nephritis, gastroenteritis, cystitis, and myositis. Although neither type of inflammation is fatal by itself, arrhythmia is reported to be the most common cause of death in patients with atrial myopericarditis. In the present case, arrhythmia of atrial origin was assumed as the cause of cardiac failure and death. In sudden post-vaccination deaths, aggressive autopsy systemic search and histological examination involving extensive sectioning of the heart, including the atrium, are indispensable.
(キーワード): Adolescent / Female / Humans / Atrial Fibrillation / COVID-19 / COVID-19 Vaccines / Death, Sudden / Inflammation / Myocarditis / Vaccination
(徳島大学機関リポジトリ): ● Metadata: 118536
(出版サイトへのリンク): ● Publication site (DOI): 10.1016/j.legalmed.2023.102244
(文献検索サイトへのリンク): ● PubMed @ National Institutes of Health, US National Library of Medicine (PMID): 36990036; ● Summary page in Scopus @ Elsevier: 2-s2.0-85151022406

(徳島大学機関リポジトリ: 118536, DOI: 10.1016/j.legalmed.2023.102244, PubMed: 36990036, Elsevier: Scopus) Asuka Ito, Hideyuki Nushida, Hiromitsu Kurata, Hitomi Umemoto, Hirofumi Iseki, Itsuo Tokunaga and Akiyoshi Nishimura :
A case of complete decapitation in suicidal hanging: the mechanism and condition of decapitation,
The Journal of Medical Investigation : JMI, Vol.70, No.1,2, 290-293, 2023.

(要約): Complete decapitation due to suicide by hanging is rare. We report the case of a decapitated man who was found in the sea near an estuary. A polyethylene rope was tied to the handrail of the bridge across a strait near the site of the body. The rope was 12 mm in diameter and 19 m in length from the handrail. It ended with a slip knot noose, and skin and mustache-like hair fragments were attached to it. The decapitated head was not found. The deceased weighed 82 kg and was 152 cm long without the head. The autopsy revealed coarse abrasions and intramuscular hemorrhage around the severed edge. The third cervical spine was not fractured. We reviewed the literature and suggested the conditions of body weight, fall height, rope diameter, and number of rolls in cases of decapitation by hanging. We calculated the hanging decapitation index (HDI) as the fall height (m) multiplied by the body weight (kg), divided by the rope diameter (mm), divided by the number of rolls ; and discussed the differences between complete and incomplete decapitation cases. J. Med. Invest. 70 : 290-293, February, 2023.
(キーワード): decapitation / hanging / suicide / case report / forensic medicine
(徳島大学機関リポジトリ): ● Metadata: 118288
(出版サイトへのリンク): ● Publication site (DOI): 10.2152/jmi.70.290
(文献検索サイトへのリンク): ● PubMed @ National Institutes of Health, US National Library of Medicine (PMID): 37164737; ● Search Scopus @ Elsevier (PMID): 37164737; ● Search Scopus @ Elsevier (DOI): 10.2152/jmi.70.290

(徳島大学機関リポジトリ: 118288, DOI: 10.2152/jmi.70.290, PubMed: 37164737) Shigeru Aomura, Hiromichi Nakadate, Yuelin Zhang, Takahiro Ueno and Akiyoshi Nishimura :
A study on the diagnostic support system of the repetitive brain concussion based on the reconstruction analysis of the accident - The accident cases of Judo and American football -,
The Journal of Medical Investigation : JMI, Vol.70, No.1.2, 213-220, 2023.

(要約): In this paper the effectiveness of the support system which predicts the risk of the repetitive brain concussion is studied biomechanically. In the risk prediction system, the accident that caused the concussion is reconstructed by analyzing the game video via multibody dynamics and the resulting brain injury is calculated in detail by the finite element method. In order to calculate the aggravation of the brain injury by the repeated brain concussion, the following two methods are examined. In the first method, the material properties of the part of the brain damaged by the1st impact are changed in the simulation of the 2nd impact. In the second method, each brain damage caused by the repeated impacts is accumulated. The system was applied to the real-life accidents that occurred during Judo and American football games. As a result of the simulations, the aggravation of the brain damage due to repetitive concussion was determined numerically in terms of the maximum strain of the brain and the brain damage rate of the whole brain. The biomechanical process of the collision accidents and the resulting brain damage were reconstructed based on the video and the results are effective to prevent the future repeated concussion accidents. J. Med. Invest. 70 : 213-220, February, 2023.
(キーワード): repetitive concussion / traumatic brain injury / multibody dynamics / 有限要素法 (finite element method) / Judo and American football
(徳島大学機関リポジトリ): ● Metadata: 118204
(出版サイトへのリンク): ● Publication site (DOI): 10.2152/jmi.70.213
(文献検索サイトへのリンク): ● PubMed @ National Institutes of Health, US National Library of Medicine (PMID): 37164723; ● Search Scopus @ Elsevier (PMID): 37164723; ● Search Scopus @ Elsevier (DOI): 10.2152/jmi.70.213

(徳島大学機関リポジトリ: 118204, DOI: 10.2152/jmi.70.213, PubMed: 37164723) 西村明儒 :
特集:脳卒中・循環器病を防ぐために被災地における突然死について-南海地震対策として-,
四国医学雑誌, Vol.78, No.5,6, 149-154, 2022年.

(要約): Number of sudden death cases from cardiovascular disease and pneumonia increased transiently and number of suicide cases decreased transiently after the great Hanshin-Awaji earthquake in Kobe City. These events were more common among males than females and especially in suicide cases, thirties and fifties particularly showed a reduction in 1995. Although mortality from direct and mechanical force by earthquake effected to females more than males, acute and subacute psychological and/or physical stress after major quake effected to males more than females. In order to prevent disaster-related deaths, it is necessary to prevent thrombus formation and decreased immune function. For this purpose, appropriate water intake and stress reduction are important, and it is effective for immune dysfunction and gastric mucosal lesions. In addition, antibiotics and gastric mucosal protectants may also be effective. Pulmonary embolism can be prevented with appropriate exercise, and with regard to dialysis, it is important to disseminate information to disaster areas.
(キーワード): sudden death / earthquake relational death / psychological stress / physical stress
(徳島大学機関リポジトリ): ● Metadata: 117963
(文献検索サイトへのリンク): ● CiNii @ 国立情報学研究所 (CRID): 1050858131633297280

(徳島大学機関リポジトリ: 117963, CiNii: 1050858131633297280) 井関博文, 倉田浩充, 主田英之, 伊藤明日香, 西村明儒 :
Kinectによる小児の転倒の動作解析,
犯罪学雑誌, Vol.88, No.2, 30-37, 2022年.

(キーワード): child fall / accidental trauma / forensic diagnosis / depth camera
(文献検索サイトへのリンク): ● CiNii @ 国立情報学研究所 (CRID): 1520855676744438784

(CiNii: 1520855676744438784) Sigeru Aomura, H iromichiNakadate, Yuma Kaneko, Akiyoshi Nishimura and Remy Willinger :
Stretch-induced functional disorder of axonal transport in the cultured rat cortex neuron,
Integrative Molecular Medicine, Vol.3, No.3, 654-660, 2016.

(出版サイトへのリンク): ● Publication site (DOI): 10.15761/IMM.1000218
(文献検索サイトへのリンク): ● Search Scopus @ Elsevier (DOI): 10.15761/IMM.1000218

(DOI: 10.15761/IMM.1000218) Akiko Ishigami, Itsuo Tokunaga, Akiyoshi Nishimura and Shin-ichi Kubo :
Postmortem Diagnosis of Anorexia Nervosa:An Endocrinological and Immunohistochemical Approach.,
The Journal of Medical Investigation : JMI, Vol.63, No.3-4, 305-309, 2016.

(要約): A female in her 30s was found dead after a fire. She was severely emaciated and had been diagnosed with anorexia nervosa (AN) about 5 years ago, but had not been treated recently. Therefore, we investigated not only her cause of death but also her condition of AN. Some of her organs weighed less than normal although no clear lesions were observed. In the pituitary gland, the number of follicle-stimulating hormone-immunopositive cells was markedly decreased although a normal number of thyroid-stimulating hormone-positive cells were detected. A histological examination of the ovary suggested that she had been suffering from amenorrhea. The thyroid gland was atrophic, and marked variations in follicle size were observed. Because we could not obtain enough volume of her blood for endocrinological examinations, we tried to investigate her endocrinological condition by immunohistochemistry. Immunohistochemical staining detected decreased triiodothyronine immunoreactivity and normal thyroxine immunoreactivity. The adrenal glands were also atrophic. Based on these findings, it was considered that she had been suffering from AN at the time of her death. The autopsy and other findings revealed that she had died of burning with carbon monoxide intoxication. J. Med. Invest. 63: 305-309, August, 2016.
(キーワード): Adult / Anorexia Nervosa / Autopsy / Female / Follicle Stimulating Hormone / Humans / Immunohistochemistry / Thyroid Hormones / Thyrotropin
(徳島大学機関リポジトリ): ● Metadata: 111199
(出版サイトへのリンク): ● Publication site (DOI): 10.2152/jmi.63.305
(文献検索サイトへのリンク): ● PubMed @ National Institutes of Health, US National Library of Medicine (PMID): 27644577; ● Search Scopus @ Elsevier (PMID): 27644577; ● Search Scopus @ Elsevier (DOI): 10.2152/jmi.63.305

(徳島大学機関リポジトリ: 111199, DOI: 10.2152/jmi.63.305, PubMed: 27644577) Keiko Ikemoto, Teruko Uwano, Akiyoshi Nishimura, Katsuji Nishi, Taketoshi Ono and Hisao Nishijo :
Prenatal Maternal Stress Due to Repeated Exposure to A Cold Environment Affects Development of Catecholamine Neurons in Rat Offspring: An Imunohistochemical Study,
Journal of Neurology & Neurophysiology, Vol.6, 1-3, 2015.

(出版サイトへのリンク): ● Publication site (DOI): 10.4172/2155-9562.1000271
(文献検索サイトへのリンク): ● Search Scopus @ Elsevier (DOI): 10.4172/2155-9562.1000271

(DOI: 10.4172/2155-9562.1000271) 石上安希子, 浅野水辺, 徳永逸夫, 上野易弘, 西村明儒 :
筋弛緩剤「サクシンⓇ」を誤投与され死亡した一剖検例．,
法医学の実際と研究, Vol.58, 161-165, 2015年. Hiromitsu Kurata, Akiko Ishigami, Itsuo Tokunaga, Yasushi Nagasaki and Akiyoshi Nishimura :
An Autopsy Case of Hemopericardium Caused by Ascending Aortic Rupture Associated with Idiopathic Aortitis.,
Anil Aggrawal's Internet Journal of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology., Vol.16, No.1, 1-13, 2015.

(文献検索サイトへのリンク): ● Summary page in Scopus @ Elsevier: 2-s2.0-84937566547

(Elsevier: Scopus) 倉田浩充, 石上安希子, 徳永逸夫, 長崎靖, 西村明儒 :
バルプロ酸ナトリウム徐放剤の大量服用による自殺の1剖検例,
四国医学雑誌, Vol.70, No.5,6, 181-184, 2014年.

(要約): A young woman with epilepsy was found dead on her bed. She sent e-mail to her lover to intent to suicide 17 hours before being found dead. On the bed side, empty PTP sheets of 202 sustained released preparation tablets containing 200 mg sodium valproate were left. Many tablets and its capsules were found in stomach and intestine by autopsy. The blood concentration of sodium valproate was 1263 μg/ml, therefore we diagnosed that she died of sodium valproate intoxication. This case is first autopsy case of sodium valproate intoxication reported in Japan. And we also discuss about sustained released preparation tablets.
(キーワード): Sodium valproate / Sustained released preparation tablets / Autopsy / Intoxication
(徳島大学機関リポジトリ): ● Metadata: 109902
(文献検索サイトへのリンク): ● CiNii @ 国立情報学研究所 (CRID): 1050845762395161600

(徳島大学機関リポジトリ: 109902, CiNii: 1050845762395161600) Masayuki Kashiwagi, Akiko Ishigami, Kenji Hara, Aya Matsusue, Brian Waters, Mio Takayama, Itsuo Tokunaga, Akiyoshi Nishimura and Shin-ichi Kubo :
Immunohistochemical investigation of the coma blister and its pathogenesis,
The Journal of Medical Investigation : JMI, Vol.60, No.3,4, 256-261, 2013.

(要約): The erythematous patches and vesicles that are observed in coma patients, usually from an overdose of medication, are known as coma blisters. However, it is unknown whether the degenerated sweat gland is a necrosis or apoptosis. We immunohistochemically examined such skin lesions to investigate the characteristics and pathogenesis of the coma blister. Skin lesions were obtained from a forensic autopsy case, a woman in her thirties, of caffeine intoxication. Those lesions were observed in the left femoral, the lower left thigh, and the right knee. Histologically, the skin lesions showed that the keratinocytes had necrosed and the epidermis was thin in some areas. Eccrine sweat gland degeneration was observed. Obvious inflammatory cell infiltrations were not detected. Immunohistochemically, we stained each skin lesion against CD3, CD8, CD45RO, cytokeratin, 70 kD heat shock protein, ubiquitin, 150 kD oxygen regulated protein, and caspase-cleaved keratin 18 neo-epitope M30. They were also stained with an in situ apoptosis detection kit. Degenerated sweat glands featured CD45RO and M30 immunoreactivity. Immunohistochemical staining for CD45RO, CK-L, and M30 might be useful to observe sweat gland degeneration in the coma blister. Therefore, the apoptosis might be related to coma blisters and sweat gland degenerations.
(キーワード): Adult / アポトーシス (apoptosis) / Autopsy / Biological Markers / Blister / Coma / Drug Overdose / Female / Humans / 免疫組織化学 (immunohistochemistry) / Skin / Sweat Glands
(徳島大学機関リポジトリ): ● Metadata: 106365
(出版サイトへのリンク): ● Publication site (DOI): 10.2152/jmi.60.256
(文献検索サイトへのリンク): ● PubMed @ National Institutes of Health, US National Library of Medicine (PMID): 24190044; ● Summary page in Scopus @ Elsevier: 2-s2.0-84887001165

(徳島大学機関リポジトリ: 106365, DOI: 10.2152/jmi.60.256, PubMed: 24190044, Elsevier: Scopus) 石上安希子, 徳永逸夫, 主田英之, 西村明儒 :
臓器重量の増加を認めた2剖検例:下垂体を中心とした病理組織学的検討,
法医病理, Vol.19, No.2, 82-87, 2013年. Itsuo Tokunaga, Masayuki Kashiwagi, Akiko Ishigami, Akiyoshi Nishimura and Shin-ichi Kubo :
Medico-Legal Diagnostic Meaning of Blood and Urinary 8-hydro-2'-deoxyguanosine Concentrations.,
Acta Criminologiae et Medicinae Legalis Japonica, Vol.78, No.4, 96-103, 2012. 西村明儒 :
被災死亡者の死因分析から，特集:災害医療-災害時における産業医の役割-．四国医誌2010; 66(1,2): 3-8.,
四国医学雑誌, Vol.66, No.1,2, 3-8, 2010年.

(徳島大学機関リポジトリ): ● Metadata: 110306

(徳島大学機関リポジトリ: 110306) Aya Matsusue, Kenji Hara, Mitsuyoshi Kageura, Masayuki Kashiwagi, Wang Lu, Akiko Ishigami, Takako Gotohda, Itsuo Tokunaga, Akiyoshi Nishimura, Tomoko Sugimura and Shin-ichi Kubo :
An autopsy case of rhabdomyolysis related to vegetamin and genetic analysis of the rhabdomyolysis-associated genes,
Journal of Forensic and Legal Medicine, Vol.17, No.1, 46-49, 2010.

(要約): We report an autopsy case of a man who died 2 days after taking an overdose of vegetamin. The autopsy findings were as follows: the epidermis on the axillary fossa and the inguinal skin had become macerated. Skeletal muscle was discolored. Concentrations of urea nitrogen, creatinine and urine myoglobin were 1.95 g/day, 0.66 g/day and 1100 ng/mL, respectively. Immunohistochemically, myoglobin was strongly stained at the Bowman's capsule, and tubular lumen and epithelium. 8-OH-dG was strongly stained in renal tubular epithelium in which cell nuclei were strongly stained. ORP-150 was observed in intraglomerular cells and renal tubular epithelium. The concentrations of phenobarbital, promethazine and chlorpromazine ranged from therapeutic to toxic levels, from toxic to lethal levels and toxic level, respectively. His cause of death was considered to be vegetamin-induced rhabdomyolysis. In genetic analysis of this subject, there were two heterozygous silent mutations in the three hot-spot regions in the RYR1 gene. In the CPT II gene, the subject was found to be heterozygous for an amino acid substitution in exon 4, (1203)G>A causing a (368)Val>Ile amino acid substitution. There was no mutation in the VLCAD gene or CYP2C19 gene. The subject was heterozygous for CYP2D6*1 and CYP2D6*2.
(キーワード): Adult / Amino Acid Substitution / Antipsychotic Agents / Carnitine O-Palmitoyltransferase / Chlorpromazine / Drug Combinations / Exons / Forensic Genetics / Forensic Pathology / Genetic Predisposition to Disease / Heterozygote / Humans / Male / Muscle, Skeletal / Mutation / Phenobarbital / Promethazine / Rhabdomyolysis / Ryanodine Receptor Calcium Release Channel / Suicide
(出版サイトへのリンク): ● Publication site (DOI): 10.1016/j.jflm.2009.07.020
(文献検索サイトへのリンク): ● PubMed @ National Institutes of Health, US National Library of Medicine (PMID): 20083051; ● Search Scopus @ Elsevier (PMID): 20083051; ● Search Scopus @ Elsevier (DOI): 10.1016/j.jflm.2009.07.020

(DOI: 10.1016/j.jflm.2009.07.020, PubMed: 20083051) 石上安希子, 良元俊昭, 原健二, 久保真一, 徳永逸夫, 西村明儒 :
尿細管壊死に対する剖検前超音波検査の有用性について:覚醒剤濫用者の1剖検例,
法医病理, Vol.16, No.2, 121-125, 2010年. 石上安希子, 久保真一, 北村修, 徳永逸夫, 西村明儒 :
縊頸後に生存していた2剖検例,
法医病理, Vol.16, No.1, 40-45, 2010年. Takako Gotohda, Akiyoshi Nishimura and Kyoji Morita :
Immunohistochemical studies on early stage of hepatic damage induced by subacute inhalation of toluene vapor in rats.,
Journal of Applied Toxicology : JAT, Vol.29, No.6, 505-509, 2009.

(要約): Toluene is one of the most widely used organic solvents and is commonly recognized as a noxious substance inducing chronically toxic damage to neural, hepatic and renal functions in the workers engaged in printing and painting. Although hepatic cells are generally considered to be vulnerable and susceptible to various organic solvents, particularly chloroform and other halogenated hydrocarbons, the hepatotoxic effects of aromatic hydrocarbons including toluene have not yet been sufficiently characterized. In particular, it still seems unclear whether toluene itself can directly act on hepatic cells, inducing toxic damage to their metabolism and function. To assess the toxic effect of toluene inhalation on rat liver, immunohistochemical analyses of the histological markers for hepatic damage were carried out in animals exposed subacutely to toluene vapor. The immunoreactivities of heat shock proteins (HSP-70 and HSP-90) and cytochrome P4502E1 (CYP2E1) in the liver were analyzed to assess the hepatotoxic damage induced by toluene inhalation, and the expression of these histological markers was shown to be substantially enhanced by the subacute exposure to toluene vapor. Toluene inhalation was furthermore shown to enhance the immunoreactivities of alpha-smooth muscle actin (alpha-SMA), collagen, glucocorticoid receptors (GR) and leptin receptors (Ob-R) in the liver. Additional studies using human hepatoma HepG2 cells showed that toluene can directly induce toxic damage to cells. These findings suggest that toluene inhalation may primarily induce hepatic damage, which may be secondarily exacerbated by the activation of systemic processes possibly connected with glucocorticoids and leptin. Copyright (c) 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
(キーワード): Acute Toxicity Tests / Administration, Inhalation / Animals / Carcinoma, Hepatocellular / Cell Line, Tumor / Immunohistochemistry / Liver / Liver Neoplasms / Male / Rats / Rats, Wistar / Solvents / Toluene
(出版サイトへのリンク): ● Publication site (DOI): 10.1002/jat.1435
(文献検索サイトへのリンク): ● PubMed @ National Institutes of Health, US National Library of Medicine (PMID): 19391120; ● Search Scopus @ Elsevier (PMID): 19391120; ● Search Scopus @ Elsevier (DOI): 10.1002/jat.1435

(DOI: 10.1002/jat.1435, PubMed: 19391120) Akiko Ishigami, Shin-ichi Kubo, Itsuo Tokunaga, Takako Gotohda and Akiyoshi Nishimura :
An autopsy case of severe pleuritis induced by misinsertion of a nasogastric nourishment tube: Diagnostic significance of multinucleated giant cells,
Legal Medicine, Vol.11, No.4, 191-194, 2009.

(要約): An 87-year-old female who had been hospitalized due to pneumonia was administered nourishment through a nasogastric tube. She collapsed as a result of dyspnea after the insertion of a new tube and administration of nourishment. Chest X-rays revealed that the tube was inserted into the left pleural cavity passing the trachea and left bronchi and that the nourishment pooled. In spite of immediate treatment including removal of the tube and insertion of a drain, she died 12 days later. Autopsy findings: Both the left pulmonary and parietal pleurae were thickened and covered with a dirty gray-yellowish moss-like paste. The left lower lobe was softened, and this region was suspected as the ruptured site of the pleura. Histological findings: A part of the thick pleura with inflammatory cells, including multinucleated giant cells, was positive-stained for anti alpha-lactalbumin antibody immunohistochemically. These giant cells are often observed in granulomatous inflammation against a foreign material. It was considered that those in the pleura had been induced by the nourishment, and that those in the pulmonary parenchyma had been affected by the insertion of the tube. The multinucleated giant cells clarified the cause of fatal pleuritis and pneumonia and the misinsertion of the tube.
(キーワード): Aged, 80 and over / Dyspnea / Female / Forensic Pathology / Giant Cells / Humans / Immunohistochemistry / Intubation, Gastrointestinal / Lung / Medical Errors / Pericardial Effusion / Pleura / Pleurisy / Pneumonia
(出版サイトへのリンク): ● Publication site (DOI): 10.1016/j.legalmed.2009.02.065
(文献検索サイトへのリンク): ● PubMed @ National Institutes of Health, US National Library of Medicine (PMID): 19362870; ● Search Scopus @ Elsevier (PMID): 19362870; ● Search Scopus @ Elsevier (DOI): 10.1016/j.legalmed.2009.02.065

(DOI: 10.1016/j.legalmed.2009.02.065, PubMed: 19362870) Akihiro Nishio, Kouhei Akazawa, Futoshi Shibuya, Ryo Abe, Hideyuki Nushida, Yasuhiro Ueno, Akiyoshi Nishimura and Toshiki Shioiri :
Influence on the suicide rate two years after a devastating disaster: a report from the 1995 Great Hanshin-Awaji Earthquake.,
Psychiatry and Clinical Neurosciences, Vol.63, No.2, 247-250, 2009.

(要約): AIMS: The relationship between suicide and disaster is an important problem but it's not clear. We conducted this study to determine whether a natural disaster affects suicide rates. METHODS: We collected data on suicides during the 84 months before and the 60 months after the earthquake and compared the suicide rate in Kobe to that in Japan as a whole. We also examined what groups were significantly affected. RESULTS: Compared with Japan as a whole, the suicide rates in Kobe significantly decreased in the 2 years after the earthquake. CONCLUSIONS: An influence on suicide rate after the disaster clearly appeared in middle-aged men.
(出版サイトへのリンク): ● Publication site (DOI): 10.1111/j.1440-1819.2009.01942.x
(文献検索サイトへのリンク): ● PubMed @ National Institutes of Health, US National Library of Medicine (PMID): 19335397; ● Search Scopus @ Elsevier (PMID): 19335397; ● Search Scopus @ Elsevier (DOI): 10.1111/j.1440-1819.2009.01942.x

(DOI: 10.1111/j.1440-1819.2009.01942.x, PubMed: 19335397) Aya Matsusue, Kenji Hara, Mitsuyoshi Kageura, Masayuki Kashiwagi, Wang Lu, Akiko Ishigami, Takako Gotohda, Itsuo Tokunaga, Akiyoshi Nishimura, Tomoko Sugimura and Shin-ichi Kubo :
Genetic analysis of ryanodine receptor 1 gene and carnitine palmitoyl transferase II gene: An autopsy case of neuroleptic malignant syndrome related to vegetamin.,
Legal Medicine, Vol.11, 570-572, 2009.

(要約): We report an autopsy case of a man in his forties who died 2 days after taking an overdose of vegetamin. The autopsy findings were as follows: externally, the upper epidermis of some parts of the body had become loosened. The epidermis was easily detached from the dermis using the fingers. Viscous fluid adhered around the nose and mouth. The brain was edematous and weighed 1520 g. Skeletal muscle was discolored. The urine was a slightly red-tinged yellow. The organs showed congestion. Urine tests: urea nitrogen: 1.95 g/day; creatinine: 0.66 g/day; urine myoglobin: 1100 ng/mL. Blood level of drugs: phenobarbital: 38.2 microg/ml; promethazine: 2.22 microg/ml; chlorpromazine: 0.96 microg/ml. Immunohistochemistry identified myoglobin in the kidney. From these findings, his cause of death was considered to be vegetamin-induced neuroleptic malignant syndrome and rhabdomyolysis. Mutation of the ryanodine receptor 1 gene is associated with malignant hyperthermia. However, there was no mutation which causes amino acid substitution in the three hot-spot regions of the ryanodine receptor 1 gene. Partial deficiency of carnitine palmitoyltransferase II is the commonest cause of recurrent rhabdomyolysis in adults. The subject was found to be heterozygous for an amino acid exchange in exon 4, (1203)G-->A causing a (368)Val-->Ile amino acid substitution. It is necessary to examine other candidate gene mutations.
(キーワード): Adult / Amino Acid Substitution / Antipsychotic Agents / Brain / Brain Edema / Carnitine O-Palmitoyltransferase / Chlorpromazine / Creatinine / Drug Combinations / Drug Overdose / Epidermis / Exons / Forensic Genetics / Forensic Pathology / Heterozygote / Humans / Kidney / Male / Muscle, Skeletal / Myoglobinuria / Neuroleptic Malignant Syndrome / Nitrogen / Organ Size / Phenobarbital / Rhabdomyolysis / Ryanodine Receptor Calcium Release Channel / Suicide / Urea
(出版サイトへのリンク): ● Publication site (DOI): 10.1016/j.legalmed.2009.01.074
(文献検索サイトへのリンク): ● PubMed @ National Institutes of Health, US National Library of Medicine (PMID): 19269221; ● Search Scopus @ Elsevier (PMID): 19269221; ● Search Scopus @ Elsevier (DOI): 10.1016/j.legalmed.2009.01.074

(DOI: 10.1016/j.legalmed.2009.01.074, PubMed: 19269221) 久保真一, 王璐, 原健二, 松末綾, 影浦光義, 石上安希子, 徳永逸夫, 柏木正之, 杉村朋子, 西村明儒 :
悪性症候群の剖検診断項目の検討:ベゲタミン服用の1剖検例,
法医病理, Vol.15, 66-72, 2009年.

(文献検索サイトへのリンク): ● CiNii @ 国立情報学研究所 (CRID): 1573950400903238528

(CiNii: 1573950400903238528) 石上安希子, 徳永逸夫, 後藤田貴子, 西村明儒, 久保真一 :
人工妊娠中絶後5日目に慢性解離性脳動脈瘤破裂により急死した1剖検例．,
法医学の実際と研究, Vol.51, 45-49, 2008年. Hideki Kuwabara, Toshiki Shioiri, Akiyoshi Nishimura, Ryo Abe, Hideyuki Nushida, Yasuhiro Ueno, Kohei Akazawa and Toshiyuki Someya :
Differences in characteristics between suicide victims who left notes or not.,
Journal of Affective Disorders, Vol.94, No.1-3, 145-149, 2006.

(要約): BACKGROUND: Suicide notes (SN) are one of markers of the severity of a suicide attempt and are said to provide a valuable insight into the thinking of suicide victims before the fatal act [Shah, A., De, T., 1998. Suicide and the elderly. Int. J. Psychiat. Clin Pract. 2, 3-18]. To examine whether suicide victims who wrote notes (note writers: NW) differ from those who did not, we investigated the characteristics of a sample of more than 5000 Japanese suicides using multiple logistic regression analysis. METHODS: For all suicide victims (5161 cases), we examined the following information: gender, age, suicide method, reason for suicide, marital status, residential status, history of psychiatric disorders, previous suicidal behavior, physical disease, and content of suicide notes. RESULTS: Mean incidence of NW was 30.1% (male: 29.7%, female: 30.8%). NW in Japan had the following characteristics; higher proportion in female and living alone, suicide by more lethal methods such as carbon monoxide, hanging or sharp instruments. On the other hand, non-NW had tendencies to commit suicide for reasons of physical illness and psychiatric disorder, and/or history of previous psychiatric disorders. LIMITATIONS: This study is observational and discusses only completed, not attempted, suicide. Medical and psychiatric comorbidity are judged only by the history of diagnosis and the information about the problems in relationships is based not on valid criteria for inclusion. CONCLUSIONS: Although these findings show ethnic differences, it is possible that SN may be considered an indicator of a serious suicide attempt. Further studies of SN are needed to confirm this.
(キーワード): Adult / Aged / Cause of Death / Female / Humans / Japan / Male / Middle Aged / Motivation / Odds Ratio / Sex Factors / Socioeconomic Factors / Suicide / Writing
(出版サイトへのリンク): ● Publication site (DOI): 10.1016/j.jad.2006.03.023
(文献検索サイトへのリンク): ● PubMed @ National Institutes of Health, US National Library of Medicine (PMID): 16712947; ● Search Scopus @ Elsevier (PMID): 16712947; ● Search Scopus @ Elsevier (DOI): 10.1016/j.jad.2006.03.023

(DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2006.03.023, PubMed: 16712947) Toshiki Shioiri, Akiyoshi Nishimura, Kohei Akazawa, Ryo Abe, Hideyuki Nushida, Yasuhiro Ueno, Maki Kojika-Maruyama and Toshiyuki Someya :
Incidence of note-leaving remains constant despite increasing suicide rates.,
Psychiatry and Clinical Neurosciences, Vol.59, No.2, 226-228, 2005.

(要約): Suicide notes (SN) are potentially valuable sources of information about the psychological states of the suicidal person. It was hypothesized that there was a significant relation between suicide rate and note-leaving rate and that the incidence of note-leaving was increased during prolonged economic recession. During 21 years (1981-2001) in Kobe, of a total of 18 558 violent deaths, 5161 were due to suicide (27.8%), with 3417 male cases (66.2%) and 1754 female cases (33.8%). For each year the annual suicide rates and note-leaving rates were calculated, and this represents the percentage of committed suicides in which SN were left, among all suicide victims. In spite of the prolonged economic slump, the note-leaving rate remained almost constant (23.4-36.2%). Pearson's correlation coefficient showed no significant correlation between suicide rate and note-leaving rates (r = 0.27, P = 0.23). The finding that the incidence of note-leaving remains constant despite increasing suicide rates may suggest that the reasons for suicide do not affect note-leaving. There are cross-cultural, ethnic, and racial variations in suicidal behaviors. Although this finding may be specific in Japan, further studies of SN are needed to help clarify the suicidal states of mind.
(キーワード): コミュニケーション (communication) / Female / Humans / 日本 (Japan) / Male / Suicide
(出版サイトへのリンク): ● Publication site (DOI): 10.1111/j.1440-1819.2005.01364.x
(文献検索サイトへのリンク): ● PubMed @ National Institutes of Health, US National Library of Medicine (PMID): 15823174; ● Search Scopus @ Elsevier (PMID): 15823174; ● Search Scopus @ Elsevier (DOI): 10.1111/j.1440-1819.2005.01364.x

(DOI: 10.1111/j.1440-1819.2005.01364.x, PubMed: 15823174) Ryo Abe, Toshiki Shioiri, Akiyoshi Nishimura, Hideyuki Nushida, Yasuhiro Ueno, Maki Kojima, Hideaki Kitamura, Kohei Akazawa and Toshiyuki Someya :
Economic slump and suicide method: preliminary study in Kobe.,
Psychiatry and Clinical Neurosciences, Vol.58, No.2, 213-216, 2004.

(要約): During the recent half decade, Japan's suicide rate at approximately 25 deaths per 100 000 people has been one of the highest rates in the world. From the perspective of suicide prevention by restricting access to suicidal means, the aim of the present study was to examine what kind of suicidal method increased during prolonged economic slump. During 21 years (1981-2001), for all suicide victims (5161 cases) the gender, age, and suicide methods were investigated. The yearly full unemployment rate was also used as a representative socioeconomic factor during the same periods in Japan using government statistics, and the relationship between methods of suicide and full unemployment rate was investigated. Pearson's correlation suggested that there was a significant correlation only for hanging rate (r = 0.736, P < 0.001), but not for the percentages of other methods of suicide. This finding that unemployed persons may have a susceptibility towards certain suicide methods could help in the prevention of suicides. Mental health in Japan should be given more attention, especially for the working population, and social programs offering help should be considered widely.
(キーワード): Adolescent / Adult / Aged / Cause of Death / Cross-Sectional Studies / Economics / Female / Humans / 日本 (Japan) / Male / Middle Aged / Statistics as Topic / Suicide / Unemployment
(出版サイトへのリンク): ● Publication site (DOI): 10.1111/j.1440-1819.2003.01219.x
(文献検索サイトへのリンク): ● PubMed @ National Institutes of Health, US National Library of Medicine (PMID): 15009829; ● CiNii @ 国立情報学研究所 (CRID): 1574231875126509440; ● Search Scopus @ Elsevier (PMID): 15009829; ● Search Scopus @ Elsevier (DOI): 10.1111/j.1440-1819.2003.01219.x

(DOI: 10.1111/j.1440-1819.2003.01219.x, PubMed: 15009829, CiNii: 1574231875126509440) Noriaki Aoki, Akiyoshi Nishimura, Ernesto A. Pretto, Katsuhiko Sugimoto, J Robert Beck and Tsuguya Fukui :
Survival and cost analysis of fatalities of the Kobe earthquake in Japan.,
Prehospital Emergency Care, Vol.8, No.2, 217-222, 2004.

(要約): OBJECTIVES: The authors investigated the dying patterns, and cause and preventability of deaths in a major earthquake disaster, and estimated the cost needed to enhance emergency medical services (EMS) response to prevent "unnecessary" deaths. METHODS: The authors reviewed autopsy data in the Hanshin-Awaji (Kobe) earthquake of 1995. A survival analysis was performed to determine the time course and pattern of dying of these deaths. A cost analysis to estimate acceptable cost for EMS to reduce fatalities was also performed. Potentially salvageable life-years based on expected life-years among fatalities were calculated and used to simulate an acceptable cost for an enhanced EMS disaster response. RESULTS: The authors analyzed 5,411 fatalities. More than 80% of these patients died within three hours. There were statistically significant differences in survival/dying patterns among causes of death. Thirteen percent of victims experienced a protracted death, which could have been prevented with earlier medical or surgical intervention. The monetary cost of these lost lives was estimated at approximately 600 million US dollars. CONCLUSIONS: Survival analysis revealed a significant population of potentially salvageable patients if more timely and appropriate medical intervention had been available immediately after the earthquake. Based on our cost analysis, and assuming a 1% annual probability of an earthquake and a 30% enhanced lifesaving capability of the EMS effort, approximately $ million dollars annually could be a reasonable expenditure to achieve the goal of reducing preventable deaths in disasters.
(キーワード): Cohort Studies / Costs and Cost Analysis / Disaster Planning / Disasters / Emergency Medical Services / Humans / Japan / Retrospective Studies / Survival Analysis / Wounds and Injuries
(文献検索サイトへのリンク): ● PubMed @ National Institutes of Health, US National Library of Medicine (PMID): 15060860; ● Summary page in Scopus @ Elsevier: 2-s2.0-16544383310

(PubMed: 15060860, Elsevier: Scopus) Katsuji Nishi, Akio Tanegashima, Yoshio Yamamoto, Ikuko Ushiyama, Keiko Ikemoto, Shigeru Yamasaki, Akiyoshi Nishimura, Steven Rand and Bernd Brinkmann :
Utilization of lectin-histochemistry in forensic neuropathology: lectin staining provides useful information for postmortem diagnosis in forensic neuropathology.,
Legal Medicine, Vol.5, No.3, 117-131, 2003.

(要約): We have investigated the deposition of glycoconjugates in human brain tissue with or without brain disorders. In this review we describe the application of lectin-histochemistry techniques to forensic neuropathology. Lectin staining is able to reveal several kinds of carbohydrate-related depositions in addition to the conventional degenerative changes including senile plaques, neurofibrillary tangles and corpora amylacea. The senile plaques and neurofibrillary tangles were clearly stained by Con A, PSA and GSI lectins, the corpora amylacea which is relevant to repeated brain hypoxia and mitochondrial damage was also easily detected by these and many other kinds of lectins. Amorphous spaces were detected around blood vessels and independently from blood vessels by lectin staining in the white matter from patients with brain disorders or severe edema. The white matter lesions were not considered relevant for forensic pathology, until a large group of cerebral white matter lesions were detected in the elderly with increasing frequency by modern neuro-imaging methods. The spherical deposits were newly detected by lectin staining in the molecular layer of the dentate gyrus of the hippocampal formation chiefly from patients with schizophrenia or cognitive dysfunctions.
(キーワード): Alzheimer Disease / Brain Chemistry / Female / Forensic Medicine / Glycoconjugates / Histocytochemistry / Humans / Indicators and Reagents / Lectins / Male / Neurons / Staining and Labeling
(文献検索サイトへのリンク): ● PubMed @ National Institutes of Health, US National Library of Medicine (PMID): 14568771; ● Search Scopus @ Elsevier (PMID): 14568771

(PubMed: 14568771) Keiko Ikemoto, Akiyoshi Nishimura, Tatsuro Oda, Ikuko Nagatsu and Katsuji Nishi :
Number of striatal D-neurons is reduced in autopsy brains of schizophrenics.,
Legal Medicine, Vol.5 Suppl 1, S221-4, 2003.

(要約): The human striatum, especially its ventral part, the nucleus accumbens, contains numerous neurons immunoreactive for aromatic L-amino acid decarboxylase (AADC, the second-step monoamine synthesizing enzyme, =DDC: dopa decarboxylase), but not for tyrosine hydroxylase (TH, the first-step catecholamine synthesizing enzyme) or tryptophan hydroxylase (TPH, the first-step serotonin synthesizing enzyme) (Neurosci Lett 232 (1997) 111-114). These AADC (+)/TH (-)/TPH (-) neurons are named as D-neurons (Jaeger CB, Ruggiero DA, Albert VR, Joh TH, Reis DJ. Immunocytochemical localization of aromatic-L-amino acid decarboxylase. In: Bjorklund A, Hokfelt T, editors. Classical transmission in the CNS, Part I, Handbook of chemical neuroanatomy, vol. 2. Amsterdam: Elsevier, 1984. pp. 387-418). The nucleus accumbens is one of the brain regions that is involved in the pathogenesis of schizophrenia. We examined the distribution of striatal D-neurons using AADC immunohistochemistry and postmortem brains obtained by legal and pathological autopsies (nine controls (27-75 years old) and nine schizophrenics (32-78 years old), postmortem interval to fixation (PMI): 2-30 h). Because the number of AADC-positive neurons per section had a tendency to reduce in the case with longer PMI, we analyzed specimens of five controls (27-64 years old) and six schizophrenics (51-78 years old) in which the PMI was less than 8 h. The number of AADC-positive neurons was reduced in the striatum of schizophrenics compared to that of controls. The reduction was significant in the nucleus accumbens (P<0.05, t-test). D-Neurons might be involved in the pathogenesis of schizophrenia. Further studies using sex-, age- and PMI-matched controls are essential.
(キーワード): Adult / Aged / Aromatic-L-Amino-Acid Decarboxylases / Brain / Case-Control Studies / Humans / Immunohistochemistry / Middle Aged / Neurons / Schizophrenia
(出版サイトへのリンク): ● Publication site (DOI): 10.1016/S1344-6223(02)00117-7
(文献検索サイトへのリンク): ● PubMed @ National Institutes of Health, US National Library of Medicine (PMID): 12935595; ● Summary page in Scopus @ Elsevier: 2-s2.0-0038416014

(DOI: 10.1016/S1344-6223(02)00117-7, PubMed: 12935595, Elsevier: Scopus) Keiko Ikemoto, Takahiro Suzuki, Hiroshi Ichinose, Tamae Ohye, Akiyoshi Nishimura, Katsuji Nishi, Ikuko Nagatsu and Toshiharu Nagatsu :
Localization of sepiapterin reductase in the human brain.,
Brain Research, Vol.954, No.2, 237-246, 2002.

(要約): Sepiapterin reductase (SPR) is the enzyme that catalyzes the final step of the synthesis of tetrahydrobiopterin (BH4), the cofactor for phenylalanine hydroxylase, tyrosine hydroxylase (TH), tryptophan hydroxylase, and nitric oxide synthase (NOS). Although SPR is essential for synthesizing BH4, the distribution of SPR in the human brain has not yet been clarified. In the present study, we purified recombinant human SPR from cDNA, raised an antibody against human SPR (hSPR), and examined the localization of SPR protein and SPR activity. Human brain homogenates from the substantia nigra (SN), caudate nucleus (CN), gray and white matters of the cerebral cortex (CTX), and dorsal and ventral parts of the medulla oblongata (MO) were subjected to Western blot analysis with anti-hSPR antibody or with anti-TH antibody. Whereas TH protein showed a restricted localization, being mainly detected in the SN and CN, SPR protein was detected in all brain regions examined. SPR activity was relatively high compared with the activity of GTP cyclohydrolase I (GCH), the rate-limiting biosynthetic enzyme of BH4, and was more widely distributed than GCH activity. Immunohistochemistry revealed SPR immunoreactivity in pyramidal neurons in the cerebral CTX, in a small number of striatal neurons, and in neurons of the hypothalamic and brain stem monoaminergic fields and olivary nucleus. Double-staining immunohistochemistry showed that TH and SPR were colocalized in the SN dopamine neurons. Localization of SPR immunoreactive neurons corresponded to monoamine or NOS neuronal fields, and also to the areas where no monoamine or NOS neurons were located. The results indicate that there might be a BH4 biosynthetic pathway where GCH is not involved and that SPR might have some yet unidentified function(s) in addition to BH4 biosynthesis.
(キーワード): Adult / Aged / Alcohol Oxidoreductases / Autopsy / Basal Ganglia / Blotting, Western / Brain / Cerebral Cortex / DNA, Complementary / Female / GTP Cyclohydrolase / Humans / Hypothalamus / Immunohistochemistry / Male / Medulla Oblongata / Mesencephalon / Middle Aged / Pons / Tyrosine 3-Monooxygenase
(出版サイトへのリンク): ● Publication site (DOI): 10.1016/S0006-8993(02)03341-3
(文献検索サイトへのリンク): ● PubMed @ National Institutes of Health, US National Library of Medicine (PMID): 12414107; ● Search Scopus @ Elsevier (PMID): 12414107; ● Search Scopus @ Elsevier (DOI): 10.1016/S0006-8993(02)03341-3

(DOI: 10.1016/S0006-8993(02)03341-3, PubMed: 12414107) Naoki Nishiguchi, Osamu Shirakawa, Hisae Ono, Akiyoshi Nishimura, Hideyuki Nushida, Yasuhiro Ueno and Kiyoshi Maeda :
Lack of an association between 5-HT1A receptor gene structural polymorphisms and suicide victims.,
American Journal of Medical Genetics, Vol.114, No.4, 423-425, 2002.

(要約): A serotonergic dysfunction in the brain has been reported to be involved in suicidal behavior independently of the presence of a specific psychiatric disorder. Serotonin 1A (5-HT1A) receptors are known to be located on serotonergic nerve terminals and to be involved in the presynaptic regulation of serotonin release. Genetic factors partly explain the risks for suicide, and a suicide completion group is thought to be more uniform than a suicide attempt group. To explore the hypothesis that the 5-HT1A receptor-induced serotonergic dysfunction is implicated genetically in suicide, we focused on the structural polymorphisms, Pro16Leu and Gly272Asp, of the 5-HT1A receptor gene, and examined the association between suicide victims who completed suicide and these two polymorphisms. In both polymorphisms, we found no significant difference in genotype distribution or allele frequencies between suicide victims and controls. These findings suggest that neither of these two polymorphisms is associated with suicide victims and it is unlikely that the 5-HT1A receptor gene is implicated in the susceptibility to suicide.
(キーワード): Female / Genotype / Humans / Male / Middle Aged / Polymorphism, Genetic / Receptors, Serotonin / Receptors, Serotonin, 5-HT1 / Risk Factors / Suicide
(出版サイトへのリンク): ● Publication site (DOI): 10.1002/ajmg.10414
(文献検索サイトへのリンク): ● PubMed @ National Institutes of Health, US National Library of Medicine (PMID): 11992564; ● Search Scopus @ Elsevier (PMID): 11992564; ● Search Scopus @ Elsevier (DOI): 10.1002/ajmg.10414

(DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.10414, PubMed: 11992564) Hisae Ono, Osamu Shirakawa, Naoki Nishiguchi, Akiyoshi Nishimura, Hideyuki Nushida, Yasuhiro Ueno and Kiyoshi Maeda :
No evidence of an association between a functional monoamine oxidase a gene polymorphism and completed suicides.,
American Journal of Medical Genetics, Vol.114, No.3, 340-342, 2002.

(要約): Monoamine oxidase A (MAOA) has been implicated in the control of aggression and/or impulsivity in humans and been involved in suicide. This gene has a functional polymorphism in which there is a variable number tandem repeat (VNTR) in the upstream region (MAOA-uVNTR). We hypothesized that MAOA dysfunction due to this polymorphism was associated with suicide genetically through the disinhibition of aggression and/or impulsivity. We performed an association study between completed suicides and the MAOA-uVNTR polymorphism. No significant difference in genotype distribution or allele frequencies was found between completed suicides and comparison groups either in males or females. These results show no evidence of an association between the MAOA-uVNTR polymorphism and completed suicides and suggest that MAOA is not involved in the susceptibility to suicide.
(キーワード): Adult / Aged / Alleles / DNA / Female / Gene Frequency / Genotype / Humans / Male / Middle Aged / Minisatellite Repeats / Monoamine Oxidase / Polymorphism, Genetic / Suicide
(出版サイトへのリンク): ● Publication site (DOI): 10.1002/ajmg.10237
(文献検索サイトへのリンク): ● PubMed @ National Institutes of Health, US National Library of Medicine (PMID): 11920860; ● Search Scopus @ Elsevier (PMID): 11920860; ● Search Scopus @ Elsevier (DOI): 10.1002/ajmg.10237

(DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.10237, PubMed: 11920860) H Ono, O Shirakawa, N Kitamura, T Hashimoto, N Nishiguchi, Akiyoshi Nishimura, H Nushida, Y Ueno and K Maeda :
Tryptophan hydroxylase immunoreactivity is altered by the genetic variation in postmortem brain samples of both suicide victims and controls.,
Molecular Psychiatry, Vol.7, No.10, 1127-1132, 2002.

(要約): Several lines of evidence suggest that a partly genetically controlled serotonergic dysfunction is involved in the biological pathogenesis of suicide. In this study, we measured tryptophan hydroxylase (TPH) immunoreactivity as a pre-synaptic marker, and serotonin receptor 2A (5HT2A receptor) density as a post-synaptic marker in the serotonergic system in 10 postmortem brains of suicide victims. We also examined whether TPH gene polymorphisms (A218C and A-6526G polymorphisms) could affect TPH immunoreactivity and 5HT2A receptor gene polymorphism (A-1438G polymorphism) could affect 5HT2A receptor density in 28 postmortem brain samples. No significant differences were found in TPH immunoreactivity or 5HT2A receptor density between suicide victims and controls. The AA genotype of the A218C polymorphism of the TPH gene showed higher TPH immunoreactivity along with lower 5HT2A receptor density than did any other genotypes in the postmortem brains of both suicide victims and controls. Our findings suggest that the A218C polymorphism of the TPH gene can be expected to provide new insights not only for neurobiological studies of suicide, but also for research into the behavioral characteristics that may be associated with serotonergic dysfunction.
(キーワード): Genetic Variation / Humans / Postmortem Changes / Suicide / Tryptophan Hydroxylase
(出版サイトへのリンク): ● Publication site (DOI): 10.1038/sj.mp.4001150
(文献検索サイトへのリンク): ● PubMed @ National Institutes of Health, US National Library of Medicine (PMID): 12476329; ● Search Scopus @ Elsevier (PMID): 12476329; ● Search Scopus @ Elsevier (DOI): 10.1038/sj.mp.4001150

(DOI: 10.1038/sj.mp.4001150, PubMed: 12476329) N Nishiguchi, O Shirakawa, H Ono, Akiyoshi Nishimura, H Nushida, Y Ueno and K Maeda :
No evidence of an association between 5HT1B receptor gene polymorphism and suicide victims in a Japanese population.,
American Journal of Medical Genetics, Vol.105, No.4, 343-345, 2001.

(要約): Serotonergic systems have been reported to mediate the control of aggression and/or impulsivity in humans and to be involved in suicidal behavior. Neurochemical studies showing serotonergic dysfunction in suicide appear to support the functional alteration of serotonergic systems due to gene polymorphisms. Knock-out mice of the 5HT1B receptor gene have been reported to result in increased aggression. We hypothesized that the 5HT1B receptor-mediated serotonergic dysfunction was implicated in suicide through disinhibition of aggression and/or impulsivity. To explore this hypothesis, we examined the association between suicide victims who completed suicide and the 5HT1B receptor gene G861C polymorphism. No significant differences in genotype distribution and allele frequencies were found between suicide victims and controls. Though there is the possibility of failing to detect small effects, these results show no evidence of an association between the 5HT1B receptor gene G861C polymorphism and suicide victims in a Japanese population and indicate that it is unlikely that the 5HT1B receptor is implicated in the susceptibility to suicide.
(キーワード): Adult / Aged / Alleles / DNA / Female / Gene Frequency / Genotype / Humans / Japan / Male / Middle Aged / Polymorphism, Genetic / Receptor, Serotonin, 5-HT1B / Receptors, Serotonin / Suicide
(出版サイトへのリンク): ● Publication site (DOI): 10.1002/ajmg.1347
(文献検索サイトへのリンク): ● PubMed @ National Institutes of Health, US National Library of Medicine (PMID): 11378847; ● Summary page in Scopus @ Elsevier: 2-s2.0-0035826543

(DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.1347, PubMed: 11378847, Elsevier: Scopus) H Ono, O Shirakawa, N Nishiguchi, Akiyoshi Nishimura, H Nushida, Y Ueno and K Maeda :
Serotonin 2A receptor gene polymorphism is not associated with completed suicide.,
Journal of Psychiatric Research, Vol.35, No.3, 173-176, 2001.

(要約): Several lines of evidence indicate that a serotonergic dysfunction is involved in the biological susceptibility to suicide. Recently, the A-1438G polymorphism of the serotonin 2A (5-HT2A) receptor gene has been suggested to be associated with suicide, but the results are inconsistent. We examined whether the A-1438G polymorphism of the 5-HT2A receptor gene was associated with suicide itself using 151 Japanese completed suicides. No significant difference in genotype distribution or allele frequencies of the polymorphism was found between the completed suicides and the comparison group. We conclude that the A-1438G polymorphism of the 5-HT2A receptor gene is not likely to have a major effect on the biological susceptibility of suicide.
(キーワード): Adult / Female / Genetic Predisposition to Disease / Genotype / Humans / Male / Middle Aged / Polymorphism, Genetic / Receptor, Serotonin, 5-HT2A / Receptors, Serotonin / Risk Factors / Suicide
(文献検索サイトへのリンク): ● PubMed @ National Institutes of Health, US National Library of Medicine (PMID): 11461713; ● Search Scopus @ Elsevier (PMID): 11461713

(PubMed: 11461713) H Ono, O Shirakawa, N Nishiguchi, Akiyoshi Nishimura, H Nushida, Y Ueno and K Maeda :
Tryptophan hydroxylase gene polymorphisms are not associated with suicide.,
American Journal of Medical Genetics, Vol.96, No.6, 861-863, 2000.

(要約): Several lines of evidence suggest a serotonergic dysfunction involved in the biological susceptibility of suicide. Abnormalities of serotonergic markers such as 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid and prolactin response to fenfluramine have been demonstrated in suicide subjects. Tryptophan hydroxylase (TPH), the rate-limiting enzyme in serotonin biosynthesis, is one of the most important regulating factors in the serotonergic system. Recently, polymorphisms of the TPH gene have been identified and some of these polymorphisms have been suggested to be associated with suicide, but the results are still inconsistent. We examined whether the -6526A/G polymorphism in the promoter region and the 218A/C polymorphism in intron 7 of the TPH gene were associated with suicide using 132 Japanese suicide victims. No significant difference in genotype distribution and allele frequencies of these polymorphisms was found between the suicide victims and the controls. We concluded neither the -6526A/G polymorphism nor the 218A/C polymorphism of the TPH gene is likely to have a major effect on the susceptibility of suicide. Am. J. Med. Genet. (Neuropsychiatr. Genet.) 96:861-863, 2000.
(キーワード): Adult / Alleles / DNA / Female / Gene Frequency / Genotype / Humans / Male / Middle Aged / Polymorphism, Genetic / Suicide / Tryptophan Hydroxylase
(出版サイトへのリンク): ● Publication site (DOI): 10.1002/1096-8628(20001204)96:6<861::AID-AJMG34>3.0.CO;2-P
(文献検索サイトへのリンク): ● PubMed @ National Institutes of Health, US National Library of Medicine (PMID): 11121198; ● Summary page in Scopus @ Elsevier: 2-s2.0-0034606213

(DOI: 10.1002/1096-8628(20001204)96:6<861::AID-AJMG34>3.0.CO;2-P, PubMed: 11121198, Elsevier: Scopus) Akiyoshi Nishimura, K Ikemoto, K Satoh, Y Yamamoto, S Rand, B Brinkmann and K Nishi :
The carbohydrate deposits detected by histochemical methods in the molecular layer of the dentate gyrus in the hippocampal formation of patients with schizophrenia, Down's syndrome and dementia, and aged person.,
Glycoconjugate Journal, Vol.17, No.11, 815-822, 2000.

(要約): Post-mortem brain tissue was obtained from 28 patients with brain disorders, of which 15 had clinically diagnosed schizophrenia, 6 Alzheimer type dementia, 5 dementia with tangles and 2 cases of Down's syndrome. The controls were 22 cases from autopsies without brain disorders or with no known episodes of brain disorder. The tissues were stained for the detection of carbohydrate deposits in the hippocampal formation, using lectin, immunohistochemical and conventional staining methods. The staining revealed the existence of spherical deposits in the inner and middle molecular layers of the dentate gyrus in the hippocampal formation which contained fucose, galactose, N-acetyl galactosamine, N-acetyl glucosamine, sialic acid, mannose and chondroitin sulfate. The number of the deposits was higher in patients with brain disorder such as schizophrenia, Alzheimer type dementia, dementia with tangles or Down's syndrome, and in some aged individuals, in comparison to those in younger individuals. No deposits were detected in a few younger or aged individuals. Spherical deposits 3-10 microm in diameter may be an immature form of the corpora amylacea, since they were similar in the histochemical characteristics with lectin, immunohistochemical and conventional staining methods. However, differing staining ability by hematoxylin, periodic acid Schiff's reagent and antibodies against the intracellular degraded proteins such as ubiquitin and tau-protein was observed. The antibodies against ubiquitin and tau-protein showed clear reactivity with the corpora amylacea and no reactivity with spherical deposits, indicating that the corpora amylacea has an intracellular origin and spherical deposits an extracellular matrix origin. The results obtained in this study indicate that not only neuronal degeneration but also unusual glycometabolism in neurons may disturb the neuronal function and cause brain disorders, and that spherical deposits may cause dysfunction of the neuronal network in the dentate gyrus of the hippocampus which is closely linked with recognition and memory functions.
(キーワード): Adult / Aged / Aged, 80 and over / Aging / Brain Diseases / Carbohydrates / Dementia / Dentate Gyrus / Down Syndrome / Female / Hippocampus / Histocytochemistry / Humans / Lectins / Male / Memory Disorders / Middle Aged / Schizophrenia
(文献検索サイトへのリンク): ● PubMed @ National Institutes of Health, US National Library of Medicine (PMID): 11443283; ● Search Scopus @ Elsevier (PMID): 11443283

(PubMed: 11443283) 西村明儒, A Takatsu, S Misawa, K Takahama, T Fukunaga, K Nishi :
[Survey on postmortem examination to police surgeons and emergency physicians. Possibility of physicians' assist in mass-disaster],
日本法医学雑誌, Vol.54, No.3, 387-398, 2000年.

(要約): We conducted a questionnaire survey of police surgeons and emergency physicians, inquiring about their experience of medicolegal investigation of death and their willingness to join a death investigation team in a major disaster. The questionnaire also asked about their knowledge about and interest in the forensic specialist system established by the Japanese Society of Legal Medicine. Police surgeons were generally willing to join an investigation team only if a disaster occurred in or close to their hometown, because they could not afford more than several days away from patient care. Although many of the emergency physicians were willing to join a death investigation team, they had difficulty in doing so without permission or orders from their employer or the authorities concerned. The survey found that the percentage of aged police surgeons was increasing among those surveyed. This fact, in combination with the current emphasis of postgraduate education on specialty training, threatens to cause a substantial lack of physicians available for medicolegal investigation of death. Therefore, it is urgently necessary to establish a system of training resident and emergency physicians in medicolegal investigation of death. In addition to providing postgraduate training in medicolegal investigation of death to prospective trainees who are emergency physicians at major hospitals in potential disaster-stricken areas, the medical school should incorporate forensic medicine in postgraduate training programs so that they can actively perform death investigation on disaster victims dying before or after arrival at their hospitals. Furthermore, the forensic community should make every effort to increase the number of autopsies in each department of forensic medicine and to expand the medical examiner system throughout Japan that is currently in practice only in the Metropolis of Tokyo and Yokohama, Nagoya, Osaka and Kobe Cities in order to incorporate forensic training in the postgraduate clinical training programs that will become compulsory in 2004.
(キーワード): Attitude of Health Personnel / Coroners and Medical Examiners / Disasters / Emergencies / Humans / Physicians / Questionnaires
(文献検索サイトへのリンク): ● PubMed @ National Institutes of Health, US National Library of Medicine (PMID): 11218757; ● Search Scopus @ Elsevier (PMID): 11218757

(PubMed: 11218757) Y Yamamoto, Y H. Li, I Ushiyama, Akiyoshi Nishimura, I Ohkubo and K Nishi :
Puromycin-sensitive alanyl aminopeptidase from human liver cytosol: purification and characterization.,
Forensic Science International, Vol.113, No.1-3, 143-146, 2000.

(要約): A cytosolic alanyl aminopeptidase (AAP-S) was purified to homogeneity from human liver cytosol. The molecular weight of the purified enzyme was calculated to be approximately 98,000 on TOF-MS and 90,000 on SDS-PAGE in the presence of beta-ME. These findings suggest that the enzyme exists as a monomeric form in human liver cytosol. The enzyme rapidly hydrolyzed the substrates Ala-, Lys- and Phe-MCAs, and moderately hydrolyzed Met-, Leu-, Tyr- and Lys-Ala-MCAs at pH ranging from 7.5 to 8.0. The order of the K(cat)/K(m) values of AAP-S at the optimal pH was Arg->Arg-Arg->Met->Leu->Lys->Phe->Lys-Ala->Tyr->Ala-MCAs. It was strongly inhibited by bestatin, leuhistin, actinonin, amastatin, 1, 10-phenanthroline, DFP, PCMBS, Zn(2+), Cd(2+), Co(2+), Cu((2+)), Hg(2+) and puromycin. AAP-S was approximately 80 times more sensitive than human seminal plasma AAP (aminopeptidase N, membrane type). The amino acid sequence of the first 60 residues of AAP-S was highly homologous with the N-terminal amino acid sequence of the rat liver puromycin-sensitive enkephalin-degrading aminopeptidase. These physicochemical properties and findings indicate that AAP-S from human liver cytosol is identical to those of other puromycin-sensitive aminopeptidase(s). Furthermore, with immunohistochemistry the enzyme was strongly stained in the cytoplasm of liver cells and renal tubules, and was ubiquitously localized in various human tissues.
(キーワード): Aminopeptidases / Animals / Antigens, CD13 / Cytosol / Electrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel / Humans / Hydrolysis / Immunohistochemistry / Liver / Molecular Sequence Data / Molecular Weight / Protein Synthesis Inhibitors / Puromycin / Rats / Sequence Homology, Amino Acid
(文献検索サイトへのリンク): ● PubMed @ National Institutes of Health, US National Library of Medicine (PMID): 10978616; ● Search Scopus @ Elsevier (PMID): 10978616

(PubMed: 10978616) Akiyoshi Nishimura, S Sawada, I Ushiyama, Y Yamamoto, T Nakagawa, A Tanegashima and K Nishi :
Lectin-histochemical detection of degenerative glycoconjugate deposits in human brain.,
Forensic Science International, Vol.113, No.1-3, 265-269, 2000.

(要約): Several lectins were used to study the localization of glycoconjugates in brain of elderly people and patients with Alzheimer type dementia (ATD) and Down's syndrome (DS). Five kinds of degenerated or deposited materials stained clearly by lectins specific to GalNAC, Gal, Fuc, and/or Man were recognized much in ATD and DS, less in elderly peoples, in addition to the binding of the lectins to neurons. (i) Round shape deposits called corpora amylacea (CA) which consisted of various sizes of round material, existed mainly on the surface of cerebral cortex and some in white matter of the brain. They were colored by Alcian blue (AB), Aldehyde fucsin (AF) and periodic acid shiff (PAS) and weakly by Hematoxylin (H), but not by Eosin (B). They showed clear reactivity with lectins specific to GalNAC, Gal, Fuc and Gal-GalNAC. (ii) Amorphous and variform amyloid deposits existed around blood vessels in the white matter were stained by thioflavin and lectins specific to GalNAC, Gal and Fuc, but not with Man specific lectins and PAS, AB, AF and HE. (iii) Another kind of amyloid deposits which showed a similar characteristic to the previous one and were recognized mainly in white matter and independent blood vessels. These deposits were stained by thioflavin but not by PAS, AB, AF and HE and showed good reactivity with lectins specific to GalNAC, Gal, Fuc, Gal-GalNAC, Gal-GIcNAc and Man. The reactivity with lectins specific to Gal, Fuc, and Man was seen in senile plaques (iv) and neurofibrillary tangles (v). Although at present we are unable to explain the origin of these deposits, it is clear from this study that the glycoconjugates form an integral part of the degeneration in the brain. The lectin staining with GS-I is useful in the forensic pathology to diagnose brain disorders at postmortem examination, since these lectin were able to detect five types of degeneration changes and/or deposits.
(キーワード): Adult / Aged / Aged, 80 and over / Aging / Alzheimer Disease / Autopsy / Brain Chemistry / Case-Control Studies / Down Syndrome / Female / Glycoconjugates / Histocytochemistry / Humans / Lectins / Male / Middle Aged
(文献検索サイトへのリンク): ● PubMed @ National Institutes of Health, US National Library of Medicine (PMID): 10978635; ● Search Scopus @ Elsevier (PMID): 10978635

(PubMed: 10978635) K Ikemoto, Akiyoshi Nishimura, N Okado, M Mikuni, K Nishi and I Nagatsu :
Human midbrain dopamine neurons express serotonin 2A receptor: an immunohistochemical demonstration.,
Brain Research, Vol.853, No.2, 377-380, 2000.

(要約): We demonstrated intense serotonin (5-HT) 2A receptor immunoreactivity in the human ventral tegmental area (VTA) using by a recently raised antibody against 5-HT2A receptor. The substantia nigra (SN) neurons also showed 5-HT2A receptor immunoreactivity. Double immunohistochemistry of 5-HT2A receptor and tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) revealed many neurons doubly labeled by 5-HT2A receptor and TH in the VTA and SN. It is suggested that activity of human midbrain dopaminergic neurons might be strongly regulated via 5-HT2A receptors at the level of their originating nuclei.
(キーワード): Adult / Dopamine / Humans / Immunohistochemistry / Middle Aged / Neurons / Receptor, Serotonin, 5-HT2A / Receptors, Serotonin / Substantia Nigra / Tyrosine 3-Monooxygenase / Ventral Tegmental Area
(出版サイトへのリンク): ● Publication site (DOI): 10.1016/S0006-8993(99)02237-4
(文献検索サイトへのリンク): ● PubMed @ National Institutes of Health, US National Library of Medicine (PMID): 10640637; ● Summary page in Scopus @ Elsevier: 2-s2.0-0033988058

(DOI: 10.1016/S0006-8993(99)02237-4, PubMed: 10640637, Elsevier: Scopus) I Ushiyama, 西村明儒, Y Yamamoto, K Nishi :
[An autopsy case of a bicycle accident with ring fracture at the base of the skull],
日本法医学雑誌, Vol.53, No.3, 350-354, 1999年.

(要約): We report the autopsy case of a 41-year old passenger who suffered a significant head injury with a typical ring fracture at the base of the skull as a result of a violent fall from a bicycle. Several reports about ring fractures of the base of the skull revealed that they were due to crashing a car at high speed, a collision and/or a fall while riding a motorcycle and a fall in piloting a gyrocopter and so on resulting in severe injury to another part of the body. In this case, the ring fracture occurred when his spine was pushed up by high impact of the parieto-occipital region against the ground.
(キーワード): Accidents, Traffic / Adult / Autopsy / Bicycling / Humans / Male / Skull Base / Skull Fractures
(文献検索サイトへのリンク): ● PubMed @ National Institutes of Health, US National Library of Medicine (PMID): 10723970; ● Search Scopus @ Elsevier (PMID): 10723970

(PubMed: 10723970) Akiyoshi Nishimura, T Shioiri, H Nushida, Y Ueno, I Ushiyama, A Tanegashima, T Someya and K Nishi :
Changes in choice of method and lethality between last attempted and completed suicides: how did suicide attempters carry out their desire?,
Legal Medicine, Vol.1, No.3, 150-158, 1999.

(要約): Some researchers have emphasized that, from the perspective of suicide prevention, research into the methods of suicide seemed to be particularly promising, as it has been shown repeatedly that restricting access to the prevailing method of suicide in a country will decrease suicide rates and that the lethality of the method used significantly correlated with the degree of intention to die. In this study, we examined changes in choice of method and the lethality score between the last attempted suicide (LAS) and completed suicide (CS) in 416 victims (male: 197, female: 219) to point out the tendency on their choice of method in LAS and CS. There was a significant difference in choice of suicide method between LAS and CS, and injury to themselves (33.7%) was the most common method of LAS, while hanging (37.5%) was the most common method of CS. The mean lethality score of CS method was significantly higher than that of LAS method in both sex groups, suggesting that at least one of the causes that drives suicide attempters to commit suicide finally may be the difference in the lethalities of LAS and CS. At the time of CS, suicidal victims tend to choose the same method as that of LAS again. These findings suggest that although suicide attempters tend to choose the same method, they will use a more lethal method if they change the suicide method. Interestingly, moreover, there was no sex difference in the percentage of the mean lethality score at CS.
(文献検索サイトへのリンク): ● PubMed @ National Institutes of Health, US National Library of Medicine (PMID): 12935486; ● Search Scopus @ Elsevier (PMID): 12935486

(PubMed: 12935486) I Nagatsu, K Ikemoto, K Kitahama, Akiyoshi Nishimura, H Ichinose and T Nagatsu :
Specific localization of the guanosine triphosphate (GTP) cyclohydrolase I-immunoreactivity in the human brain.,
Journal of Neural Transmission, Vol.106, No.7-8, 607-617, 1999.

(要約): Guanosine triphosphate (GTP) cyclohydrolase I (GCH) is the first and rate-limiting enzyme for biosynthesis of tetrahydrobiopterin, the cofactor of tyrosine hydroxylase (TH). Our previous study reported the presence of GCH in several neuronal groups in animal brains using a newly raised anti-GCH antibody. The present study aims at elucidating whether GCH and TH coexist in the same neurons of the human brain with the aid of immunohistochemical dual labeling. GCH-immunoreactivity was observed in the cell bodies and fibers of monoaminergic neurons of the human brain. Neurons which contain both enzymes are seen in the human substantia nigra, ventral tegmental area, locus coeruleus, dorsal raphe, and zona incerta. In these regions, almost all the cells also show immunoreactivity for aromatic L-amino acid decarboxylase (AADC), the second step enzyme for catecholamine synthesis, indicating that these neurons are catecholaminergic. However, some neurons in the dorsal and dorsomedial hypothalamic nuclei are stained only for GCH or TH. They appear to constitute an independent cell group in the human brain. The present observation suggests that L-dopa is not produced in the cells immunoreactive for TH but not for GCH, and that TH in these cells which lack GCH may have an unidentified role other than dopa synthesis.
(キーワード): Aromatic-L-Amino-Acid Decarboxylases / GTP Cyclohydrolase / Humans / Hypothalamus / Immunohistochemistry / Mesencephalon / Middle Aged / Neurons / Pons / Tyrosine 3-Monooxygenase
(文献検索サイトへのリンク): ● PubMed @ National Institutes of Health, US National Library of Medicine (PMID): 10907721; ● Search Scopus @ Elsevier (PMID): 10907721

(PubMed: 10907721) K Ikemoto, I Nagatsu, Akiyoshi Nishimura, K Nishi and R Arai :
Do all of human midbrain tyrosine hydroxylase neurons synthesize dopamine?,
Brain Research, Vol.805, No.1-2, 255-258, 1998.

(要約): We examined whether all of human midbrain tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) neurons substantially synthesize dopamine (DA) using dual labeling immunohistochemical technique of TH and aromatic L-amino acid decarboxylase (AADC). In the substantia nigra, besides many neurons doubly stained for TH and AADC, neurons stained only for TH and only for AADC (D-neurons [C.B. Jaeger, D.A. Ruggiero, V.R. Albert, T.H. Joh, D.J. Reis, Immunocytochemical localization of aromatic l-amino acid decarboxylase, in: A. Björklund, T. Hökfelt (Eds.), Handbook of Chemical Neuroanatomy, Classical Transmitters in the CNS, Vol. 2, Part 1, Elsevier, Amsterdam, 1984, pp. 387-408.]) were identified. In the ventral tegmental area, dually labeled neurons and TH-only-positive neurons were found. It is indicated that the number of midbrain TH neurons does not reflect the exact number of DA neurons.
(キーワード): Adult / Aromatic-L-Amino-Acid Decarboxylases / Dopamine / Humans / Immunohistochemistry / Mesencephalon / Middle Aged / Neurons / Tyrosine 3-Monooxygenase
(文献検索サイトへのリンク): ● PubMed @ National Institutes of Health, US National Library of Medicine (PMID): 9733977; ● Search Scopus @ Elsevier (PMID): 9733977

(PubMed: 9733977) Y Katayama, K Kohso, Akiyoshi Nishimura, Y Tatsuno, M Homma and H Hotta :
Detection of measles virus mRNA from autopsied human tissues.,
Journal of Clinical Microbiology, Vol.36, No.1, 299-301, 1998.

(要約): By reverse transcription-PCR, measles virus (MV) mRNA was detected in the brain, kidney, spleen, liver, and lung tissues obtained from 23 (45.1%) of 51 autopsy subjects, with the detection rates of each tissue ranging from 8 to 20%. Sequence analysis revealed frequent mutations in the corresponding viral protein. These results suggest that MV mutants commonly persist in apparently healthy individuals.
(キーワード): Adolescent / Adult / Aged / Aged, 80 and over / Amino Acid Sequence / Autopsy / Child / Child, Preschool / Female / Humans / Infant / Male / Measles virus / Middle Aged / Molecular Sequence Data / RNA, Messenger / RNA, Viral
(文献検索サイトへのリンク): ● PubMed @ National Institutes of Health, US National Library of Medicine (PMID): 9431973; ● Search Scopus @ Elsevier (PMID): 9431973

(PubMed: 9431973) J Adachi, Y Ueno, A Miwa, M Asano, Akiyoshi Nishimura and Y Tatsuno :
Epicoprostanol found in adipocere from five human autopsies.,
Lipids, Vol.32, No.11, 1155-1160, 1997.

(要約): Adipocere formation is well known as a later postmortem change. We collected adipocere from five male victims which had been submerged under the sea or fresh water for 1 mon to 4 yr. Fresh subcutaneous fat of a male victim who died from a cerebral contusion was used as the control. The samples were homogenized, and the lipids were extracted with chloroform and methanol followed by injection into a gas chromatograph and a gas chromatograph-mass spectrometer. We detected hydroxy fatty acids (10-hydroxyoctadecanoic acid and 10-hydroxyhexadecanoic acid) as well as 10-ketooctadecanoic acid in adipocere, but not in the control. In addition, we found for the first time a cholesterol-related peak with a molecular ion of 388 in adipocere and identified it as epicoprostanol, suggesting not only oxidation but also reduction had occurred during the formation of adipocere. In addition, we showed the time-course of epicoprostanol accumulation. The relationship between the time of adipocere formation and the characteristic lipid composition is discussed.
(キーワード): Adipose Tissue / Adult / Cholestanol / Cholesterol / Chromatography, Gas / Drowning / Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry / Humans / Immersion / Male / Mass Spectrometry / Middle Aged / Postmortem Changes / Time Factors
(文献検索サイトへのリンク): ● PubMed @ National Institutes of Health, US National Library of Medicine (PMID): 9397400; ● Search Scopus @ Elsevier (PMID): 9397400

(PubMed: 9397400) 西村明儒, Y Ueno, S Fujiwara, H Nushida, Y Tatsuno :
[An autopsy case of sudden death due to Chagas' disease],
日本法医学雑誌, Vol.51, No.1, 39-43, 1997年.

(要約): An autopsy case of sudden death of a 41-year-old male Brazilian with Chagas' disease in reported. In his life time, right handle branch block and ventricular premature contractions were marked in electrocardiogram. Autopsy revealed striking dilatation of both cardiac ventricles. Histopathologically, extensive myocardial fibrosis due to chronic interstitial myocarditis was observed. On myocardial tissue preparation performed Giemsa's stain, leishmania foci of Trypanosoma crusi were detected around the myocardial fibrosis.
(キーワード): Adult / Animals / Chagas Cardiomyopathy / Death, Sudden, Cardiac / Humans / Male / Myocarditis / Trypanosoma cruzi
(文献検索サイトへのリンク): ● PubMed @ National Institutes of Health, US National Library of Medicine (PMID): 9078840; ● Search Scopus @ Elsevier (PMID): 9078840

(PubMed: 9078840) Y Ueno, J Adachi, H Imamichi, Akiyoshi Nishimura and Y Tatsuno :
Effect of the cytochrome P-450IIE1 genotype on ethanol elimination rate in alcoholics and control subjects.,
Alcoholism, Clinical and Experimental Research, Vol.20, No.1 Suppl, 17A-21A, 1996.

(要約): We studied an influence of genetic polymorphisms in the cytochrome P-450IIE1 (CYP2E1) gene on ethanol elimination rate in alcoholic patients and healthy subjects. The CYP2E1 genotype was determined by polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism method for 124 alcoholics and 54 healthy subjects. There was no significant difference in the gene frequency of CYP2E1 between alcoholics and healthy control subjects. Blood ethanol concentrations in the 65 alcoholics on admission ranged from 0.32 to 4.22 mg/ml. In the patients with the c1/c2 genotype, the elimination rate was significantly correlated with blood ethanol concentration. In each of the three genotypes of CYP2E1, the patients were divided into three groups based on ethanol concentrations. The average of the ethanol elimination rate in the patients with c1/c2 having blood ethanol levels of > or = 2.5 mg/ml was significantly higher than the rates in the two other groups of c1/c2. When blood ethanol levels were > or = 2.5 mg/ml, the elimination rate in the patients with c1/c2 was significantly higher than that in those with c1/c1. Regardless of the CYP2E1 genotype, the elimination rate in the alcoholics was higher than that in the control subjects when blood ethanol levels were < 1.0 mg/ml. These results suggest the possibility that the c2 allele of CYP2E1 Influences the rate of ethanol elimination at high ethanol levels. The rate of ethanol elimination was independent of liver disorder judged by serum total bilirubin values.
(キーワード): Adult / Aged / Alcoholism / Alleles / Cytochrome P-450 CYP2E1 / Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme System / Ethanol / Female / Gene Expression Regulation, Enzymologic / Gene Frequency / Genotype / Humans / Liver Function Tests / Male / Metabolic Clearance Rate / Middle Aged / Oxidoreductases, N-Demethylating / Polymorphism, Genetic
(文献検索サイトへのリンク): ● PubMed @ National Institutes of Health, US National Library of Medicine (PMID): 8659680; ● Search Scopus @ Elsevier (PMID): 8659680

(PubMed: 8659680) Y Katayama, H Hotta, Akiyoshi Nishimura, Y Tatsuno and M Homma :
Detection of measles virus nucleoprotein mRNA in autopsied brain tissues.,
The Journal of General Virology, Vol.76 ( Pt 12), 3201-3204, 1995.

(要約): By means of RT-PCR, a portion of measles virus (MV) mRNA encoding nucleoprotein (NP) could be detected in 11 (18%) of 61 brain tissue samples obtained from administrative autopsy cases, who apparently had not suffered from subacute sclerosing panencephalitis (SSPE)-like central nervous system disorders. Most of the brain-derived NP sequences showed significant asynonymous nucleotide substitutions when compared with wild-type MV isolates and SSPE virus. Our present results suggest that MV commonly persists in the human brain without causing apparent clinical symptoms, probably due to decreased virus replication.
(キーワード): Adolescent / Adult / Aged / Amino Acid Sequence / Base Sequence / Child / Child, Preschool / Female / Frontal Lobe / Genetic Variation / Humans / Infant / Male / Measles / Measles virus / Middle Aged / Molecular Sequence Data / Nucleoproteins / Polymerase Chain Reaction / RNA, Messenger / RNA, Viral / Sequence Analysis, DNA / Viral Proteins
(文献検索サイトへのリンク): ● PubMed @ National Institutes of Health, US National Library of Medicine (PMID): 8847530; ● Search Scopus @ Elsevier (PMID): 8847530

(PubMed: 8847530) D S. Atmadja, Y Tatsuno, Y Ueno and Akiyoshi Nishimura :
The effect of extraction methods. The kind of organ samples and the examination delay on the DNA yields and typing.,
The Kobe Journal of Medical Sciences, Vol.41, No.6, 197-211, 1995.

(要約): This study investigated the effect of DNA extraction methods, examination delay and the kind of organs samples to the DNA yields and typing. Thirty autopsy cases with postmortem period less than 12 hours were used as the sample resources. The DNA was successfully extracted from cerebral cortex, liver, spleen, lymph nodes, kidney, psoas muscle and prostate gland by Bar and Kirby methods. The spectrophotometric measurement showed that the spleen, lymph nodes, kidney and liver provided more DNA rather than the other organs. The agarose gel electrophoresis showed that the majority of the samples had High Molecular Weight-DNA (HMW-DNA) with variable degree of degradation. All of these DNA were successfully typed on the D1S80 locus using the PCR according to Kasai method. The spleen samples were collected from the same cases and stored at -20 degrees C for 1 to 6 weeks before the DNA extraction was performed. The analysis of the DNA extracted from these samples showed that the DNA yields and typing did not change significantly among the samples with examination delay up to 6 weeks after the sample collection. The comparison between the Bar and Kirby methods showed that the Kirby method resulted in more DNA yields with the same purity of DNA, but less HMW-DNA compared with Bar method.
(キーワード): Autopsy / Cadaver / DNA / Humans / Molecular Weight / Specimen Handling / Time Factors
(文献検索サイトへのリンク): ● PubMed @ National Institutes of Health, US National Library of Medicine (PMID): 8869006; ● Search Scopus @ Elsevier (PMID): 8869006

(PubMed: 8869006) J Adachi, T Mio, Y Ueno, T Naito, Akiyoshi Nishimura, S Fujiwara, K Sumino and Y Tatsuno :
Identification of four metabolites of 3-(phenylamino)alanine, a constituent in L-tryptophan products implicated in eosinophilia-myalgia syndrome, in rats.,
Archives of Toxicology, Vol.68, No.8, 500-505, 1994.

(要約): 3-(Phenylamino)alanine (PAA), a contaminant found in L-tryptophan tablets, has been discussed as a possible cause of eosinophilia-myalgia syndrome (EMS). We administered PAA (100 mg/kg) by gastric gavage to Wistar rats to determine its distribution and metabolism. We developed a purification procedure, using Bond Elut SCX cartridges followed by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) in order to determine levels of PAA. The level of PAA in blood was 4.22 micrograms/ml at 5 h and urinary excretion was 21.7 micrograms for 5 h and 84.6 micrograms between 5 and 24 h. The amount of PAA in the contents of the large intestine at 5 h was 0.76 microgram, indicating poor transfer of PAA to the large intestine. However, the highest concentration of PAA was 12.3 micrograms/g in the brain, indicating the passage of PAA through the blood-brain barrier. In addition to detecting PAA in the blood and organs, we also detected four metabolites of PAA in urine. We used gas chromatography mass spectrometry to identify PAA in rat liver, as well as N-(hydroxyphenyl)glycine, N-phenylglycine, 3-(pheylamino)lactic acid, and 3-(hydroxyphenylamino)-lactic acid in rat urine. These results suggest that the degradation pathway of PAA is similar to that of phenylalanine.
(キーワード): Administration, Oral / Alanine / Animals / Blood-Brain Barrier / Brain / Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid / Drug Contamination / Eosinophilia-Myalgia Syndrome / Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry / Kidney / Liver / Lung / Male / Phenylalanine / Rats / Rats, Wistar / Structure-Activity Relationship / Tissue Distribution / Tryptophan
(文献検索サイトへのリンク): ● PubMed @ National Institutes of Health, US National Library of Medicine (PMID): 7802590; ● Search Scopus @ Elsevier (PMID): 7802590

(PubMed: 7802590) S Fujiwara, Akiyoshi Nishimura, Y Ueno, K Nakagawa, Y Tatsuno and Y Mizoi :
Histo-pathological findings of abraded skins in the cases of automobile dragging.,
Nihon Hōigaku Zasshi, Vol.47, No.5, 398-405, 1993.

(要約): We histologically examined skin which had been abraded by automobile dragging. In the first case, the victim was a 57-year-old drunken male. He was hit by a passenger car while walking on a road and dragged for a distance of 30 m. He soon died from the pelvic bone fractures. Extensive and deep abrasions were observed on both shoulders and the back. In the second case, a 20-year-old drunken male was lying on a road. He was run over by a passenger car and dragged for a distance of 800 m. During the dragging the car's underbody strongly compressed his thoraco-abdominal region and killed him by causing insufficiency in breathing. Deep abrasions were found in the right temporal region and right back at the waist. In the third case, when a 50-year-old woman was riding a moped it collided with a passenger car at an intersection and she fell to the ground. Soon after, she was run over by another passenger car and dragged for a distance of 718 m. The cause of death was profuse bleeding from the crushed right axillary artery and vein. Autopsy revealed very extensive and severe abrasions in the right upper arm, right axilla, lateral surface of the right chest and abdomen, right back, back pelvic region, and lateral surface of the right lower leg and foot. Especially in the arm, axilla and chest, the skin and soft tissues were worn away, muscles and bones were exposed, and the right axillary artery and vein were crushed.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
(キーワード): Accidents, Traffic / Adult / Female / Humans / Male / Middle Aged / Multiple Trauma / Skin
(文献検索サイトへのリンク): ● PubMed @ National Institutes of Health, US National Library of Medicine (PMID): 8258904; ● Search Scopus @ Elsevier (PMID): 8258904

(PubMed: 8258904) S Fujiwara, 西村明儒, K Nakagawa, Y Tatsuno, Y Mizoi :
[A case of death within 3 hours due to systemic embolism of fat from tibial fractures],
日本法医学雑誌, Vol.47, No.2, 137-146, 1993年.

(要約): We experienced a case dying of systemic fat embolism shortly after a traffic accident. The man of 83 years old suffered an accident by a car while wheeling his bicycle on a lane through rice fields. His both legs were run over by a wheel of the car. He was fully conscious for some while after the accident. However, while he was taken to a hospital by an ambulance, he suddenly lost consciousness and died 2 hours and 45 minutes after the accident. The autopsy examination revealed the severely fractured tibiae in both legs. The left clavicle and sternum as well as the ribs of both sides were also fractured. Organs in the thoracic and abdominal cavities were slightly congested. The histopathological examinations revealed fat droplets in the small vessels in interlobular connective tissues and many alveolar capillaries of the lungs, many glomeruli of the kidneys and a few capillaries in parietal region of the cerebrum.
(キーワード): Accidents, Traffic / Aged / Aged, 80 and over / Embolism, Fat / Humans / Male / Tibial Fractures / Time Factors
(文献検索サイトへのリンク): ● PubMed @ National Institutes of Health, US National Library of Medicine (PMID): 8315868; ● Search Scopus @ Elsevier (PMID): 8315868

(PubMed: 8315868) Y Ueno, 西村明儒, Y Ogawa, K Nakagawa, Y Yanagida, Y Mizoi, Y Tatsuno :
[Fracture of the cervical spine caused by blow in patient with ankylosing spondylitis--a report of an autopsy case],
日本法医学雑誌, Vol.46, No.5, 321-326, 1992年.

(要約): Fracture of the cervical spine in a patient with ankylosing spondylitis is presented. A 43-year-old male was involved in a fight when drinking. He received blows to his face and the lower jaw, and fell backward on the street and died. The postmortem examination showed abrasions and subcutaneous hemorrhages on the face and the lower jaw. A transverse fracture was observed through the intervertebral disc space between the fifth and sixth cervical vertebrae. The cervical spinal cord was completely ruptured at the fracture site. Ossification of the supporting ligaments and anterior surface of dics were found. The spine was bony ankylosed. The alcohol levels of blood and urine were 2.95 and 3.84 mg/ml, respectively. The cause of death was paralysis of respiration. The victim had suffered from the ankylosing spondylitis for many years. His neck had no mobility. The X-ray films taken at age 42 showed complete ankylosis of the spine, so-called "bamboo" spine. It seemed that the blow to his face and the lower jaw caused hyperextension of the neck and easily caused the cervical fracture because of the loss of flexibility and fragility from osteoporosis in the ankylosed spine.
(キーワード): Adult / Cervical Vertebrae / Forensic Medicine / Humans / Male / Spinal Fractures / Spondylitis, Ankylosing / Wounds, Nonpenetrating
(文献検索サイトへのリンク): ● PubMed @ National Institutes of Health, US National Library of Medicine (PMID): 1460798; ● Search Scopus @ Elsevier (PMID): 1460798

(PubMed: 1460798) 西村明儒, S Fujiwara, Y Mizoi, Y Tatsuno :
[Morphometric and pathologic studies of the brain in autopsied cases of Alzheimer-type dementia],
日本法医学雑誌, Vol.46, No.2, 141-151, 1992年.

(要約): Human brain sections were analysed by computer-assisted quantitative morphometry. The brains, autopsied at the Department of Legal Medicine, Kobe University School of Medicine and the Medical Examiner's Office of Hyogo Prefecture, included 63 cases of acute death consisting of 49 cases of non-demented and 14 cases of Alzheimer's disease (AD) or senile dementia of Alzheimer-type (SDAT). As for patients of AD and SDAT, they were clinically diagnosed at some medical facilities in their life time. Histopathological diagnosis for AD and SDAT was confirmed by the presence of abundant senile plaques and neurofibrillary tangles. In the non-demented control aging, a modest atrophy occurred throughout the cerebral cortex except the occipital cortex, whereas no sign of atrophy was seen in the medullary white matter. In the AD and SDAT cases, both cortical gray and medullary white matter showed significantly higher degrees of atrophy than in the controls. A further detailed study indicated that the parietotemporal association cortex was specifically affected in the demented brain as compared with the normal aging.
(キーワード): Aging / Alzheimer Disease / Astrocytes / Atrophy / Brain / Humans / Organ Size
(文献検索サイトへのリンク): ● PubMed @ National Institutes of Health, US National Library of Medicine (PMID): 1619811; ● Search Scopus @ Elsevier (PMID): 1619811

(PubMed: 1619811) S Fujiwara, 西村明儒, Y Yanagida, K Nakagawa, Y Mizoi, Y Tatsuno :
[Traumatic intracerebral hemorrhage developing in the apparent course],
日本法医学雑誌, Vol.45, No.3, 242-251, 1991年.

(要約): The victim, 52 year old man, was thrust down and hit his left occiput against the concrete floor. He was hospitalised and his comatose state continued to the death. On admission, blood pressure was 212/110 mmHg and the computed tomography scan of the head showed only an extensive right subdural hematoma. But the intracerebral hemorrhages in the right frontal, temporal and parietal lobes were recognized 10.5 hours after the trauma. A subdural hematoma was evacuated by operation on the second hospital day. The intracerebellar hemorrhage also appeared 16 hours after the trauma. Blood pressure fluctuated between 160/80 and 200/110 mmHg. The photo of CT scan at 38.5 hours after the trauma showed little subdural hematoma and new intracerebral hemorrhage located in the left temporal lobe. On the third hospital day, he was equipped with a respirator and blood pressure was between 132/84 and 242/100 mmHg. The reaction of the pupils to light disappeared on the 8th hospital day. Blood pressure gradually decreased on the 9th and 10th hospital days and he died on the 11th day. Autopsy revealed a bruise in the left occiput, a linear fracture in the frontal and left parietal bones and a small amount of subdural hematoma on the surface of the right cerebral hemisphere. Cortical contusions were found in the right frontal, the both temporal and the left parietal lobes. Intracerebral hemorrhages were found in the right frontal, the both temporal and the right parietal lobes. Intracerebellar hemorrhage was also found. Cardiac hypertrophy and atherosclerosis of the aorta were recognized. We thought that small hemorrhages which were not clearly detectable by CT scan immediately after injury may have developed into massive intracerebral and intracerebellar hemorrhages due to high blood pressure after a hospitalization.
(キーワード): Brain Injuries / Cerebral Hemorrhage / Humans / Male / Middle Aged / Tomography, X-Ray Computed
(文献検索サイトへのリンク): ● PubMed @ National Institutes of Health, US National Library of Medicine (PMID): 1920931; ● Search Scopus @ Elsevier (PMID): 1920931

(PubMed: 1920931) Y Mizoi, T Fukunaga, Y Ueno, J Adachi, S Fujiwara and Akiyoshi Nishimura :
The flushing syndrome after ethanol intake caused by aldehyde dehydrogenase deficiency in Orientals.,
Acta Medicinae Legalis et Socialis, Vol.39, No.1, 481-487, 1989.

(キーワード): Acetaldehyde / Adult / Alcohol Drinking / Aldehyde Dehydrogenase / Catecholamines / Flushing / Humans / Japan / Male / Reference Values / Syndrome
(文献検索サイトへのリンク): ● PubMed @ National Institutes of Health, US National Library of Medicine (PMID): 2520732; ● Search Scopus @ Elsevier (PMID): 2520732

(PubMed: 2520732) T Fukunaga, Y Ueno, K Nakagawa, Y Mizoi, T Imabayashi, 西村明儒, Y Ogawa, S Fujiwara, S Hishida :
[Statistical analysis of unnatural deaths in Hyogo Prefecture (1986)--comparison of the results of inquests by medical examiners and by others],
日本法医学雑誌, Vol.42, No.4-5, 431-442, 1988年.

(キーワード): Cause of Death / Coroners and Medical Examiners / Female / Forensic Medicine / Humans / Japan / Male
(文献検索サイトへのリンク): ● PubMed @ National Institutes of Health, US National Library of Medicine (PMID): 3204712; ● Search Scopus @ Elsevier (PMID): 3204712

(PubMed: 3204712)

MISC

Hideyuki Nushida, Asuka Ito, Hiromitsu Kurata and Akiyoshi Nishimura :
Answer to the letter to the editor by J. Finsterer concerning "A case of fatal multi-organ inflammation following COVID-19 vaccination" by H. Nushida et al. (https://doi.org/10.1016/j.legalmed.2023.102244.),
Legal Medicine, Vol.64, 2023.

(キーワード): Humans / COVID-19 / COVID-19 Vaccines / Vaccination
(徳島大学機関リポジトリ): ● Metadata: 118535
(出版サイトへのリンク): ● Publication site (DOI): 10.1016/j.legalmed.2023.102282
(文献検索サイトへのリンク): ● PubMed @ National Institutes of Health, US National Library of Medicine (PMID): 37364408; ● Search Scopus @ Elsevier (PMID): 37364408; ● Search Scopus @ Elsevier (DOI): 10.1016/j.legalmed.2023.102282

(徳島大学機関リポジトリ: 118535, DOI: 10.1016/j.legalmed.2023.102282, PubMed: 37364408) K Ikemoto, K Kitahama, Akiyoshi Nishimura, A Jouvet, K Nishi, R Arai, M Jouvet and I Nagatsu :
Tyrosine hydroxylase and aromatic L-amino acid decarboxylase do not coexist in neurons in the human anterior cingulate cortex.,
Neuroscience Letters, Vol.269, No.1, 37-40, 1999.

(要約): Immunoreactivity for aromatic L-amino acid decarboxylase (AADC), the second step dopamine-synthesizing enzyme, was found immunohistochemically in neurons of the human anterior cingulate cortex (ACC). Most of these neurons were located in layers V and VI and subcortical white matter; a small number were occasionally found in layer III. Double immunohistochemistry for tyrosine hydroxylase (TH: the first step dopamine-synthesizing enzyme) and AADC revealed that no neuronal cell bodies in the ACC were doubly immunostained for TH and AADC, suggesting that these TH-only- or AADC-only-immunoreactive neurons were not dopaminergic. AADC neurons in the human ACC might transform L-DOPA to dopamine, droxidopa to noradrenaline, and/or 5-hydroxytryptophan to serotonin.
(キーワード): Adult / Aged / Aromatic-L-Amino-Acid Decarboxylases / Gyrus Cinguli / Humans / Immunohistochemistry / Middle Aged / Neurons / Tyrosine 3-Monooxygenase
(文献検索サイトへのリンク): ● PubMed @ National Institutes of Health, US National Library of Medicine (PMID): 10821639; ● Search Scopus @ Elsevier (PMID): 10821639

(PubMed: 10821639) T Shioiri, Akiyoshi Nishimura, H Nushida, Y Tatsuno and S W. Tang :
The Kobe earthquake and reduced suicide rate in Japanese males.,
Archives of General Psychiatry, Vol.56, No.3, 282-283, 1999.

(キーワード): Adolescent / Adult / Cause of Death / Coroners and Medical Examiners / Disasters / Female / Humans / Japan / Life Change Events / Male / Mortality / Sex Factors / Suicide
(文献検索サイトへのリンク): ● PubMed @ National Institutes of Health, US National Library of Medicine (PMID): 10078507; ● Search Scopus @ Elsevier (PMID): 10078507

(PubMed: 10078507) K Ikemoto, I Nagatsu, S Ito, R A. King, Akiyoshi Nishimura and T Nagatsu :
Does tyrosinase exist in neuromelanin-pigmented neurons in the human substantia nigra?,
Neuroscience Letters, Vol.253, No.3, 198-200, 1998.

(要約): It is controversial whether tyrosinase is involved in the neuromelanin-biosynthetic pathway. We examined tyrosinase-immunoreactivity in human substantia nigra neurons which contain neuromelanin pigments, using antibodies against human tyrosinase and human tyrosine hydroxylase. In human melanoma, the antibody to tyrosinase showed intense immunoreactivity while there was no immunoreactivity with antibody to tyrosine hydroxylase. In the human midbrain pigmented neurons, however, we could detect no tyrosinase-immunoreactivity while the neurons were strongly immunoreactive to tyrosine hydroxylase. The present results suggest that tyrosinase is not involved in the main pathway of neuromelanin biosynthesis.
(キーワード): Adult / Aged / Female / Humans / Immunohistochemistry / Male / Melanins / Melanoma / Middle Aged / Monophenol Monooxygenase / Neurons / Pigmentation / Substantia Nigra / Tyrosine 3-Monooxygenase
(文献検索サイトへのリンク): ● PubMed @ National Institutes of Health, US National Library of Medicine (PMID): 9792245; ● Search Scopus @ Elsevier (PMID): 9792245

(PubMed: 9792245) K Ikemoto, I Nagatsu, K Kitahama, A Jouvet, Akiyoshi Nishimura, K Nishi, T Maeda and R Arai :
A dopamine-synthesizing cell group demonstrated in the human basal forebrain by dual labeling immunohistochemical technique of tyrosine hydroxylase and aromatic L-amino acid decarboxylase.,
Neuroscience Letters, Vol.243, No.1-3, 129-132, 1998.

(要約): The human basal forebrain has been known to contain many neurons immunoreactive (ir) to tyrosine hydroxylase (TH; the first dopamine-synthesizing enzyme). We examined whether these neurons might contain aromatic L-amino acid decarboxylase (AADC; the second step dopamine-synthesizing enzyme) by dual labeling immunohistochemistry and confocal laser-scanning microscopy. Neurons dually-labeled for TH and AADC were found in the anterior olfactory nucleus, olfactory tubercle and the ventral margin of the rostral nucleus accumbens. The examination in the basal forebrain of the macaque monkey also gave substantially the same results. These neurons appear to constitute an independent dopaminergic cell group in the primate basal forebrain.
(キーワード): Adult / Aged / Animals / Aromatic-L-Amino-Acid Decarboxylases / ドーパミン (dopamine) / Female / Humans / Macaca / Male / Middle Aged / Nucleus Accumbens / Olfactory Pathways / Olfactory Receptor Neurons / Prosencephalon / Tyrosine 3-Monooxygenase
(文献検索サイトへのリンク): ● PubMed @ National Institutes of Health, US National Library of Medicine (PMID): 9535130; ● Summary page in Scopus @ Elsevier: 2-s2.0-0031934915

(PubMed: 9535130, Elsevier: Scopus) K Ikemoto, K Kitahama, A Jouvet, R Arai, Akiyoshi Nishimura, K Nishi and I Nagatsu :
Demonstration of L-dopa decarboxylating neurons specific to human striatum.,
Neuroscience Letters, Vol.232, No.2, 111-114, 1997.

(要約): In the human striatum, we immunohistochemically demonstrated many neurons that were immunoreactive for aromatic L-amino acid decarboxylase (AADC; the second step dopamine-synthesizing enzyme) but not for tyrosine hydroxylase (TH; the first step dopamine-synthesizing enzyme). The number of AADC-positive neurons was especially large in the ventral striatum including the nucleus accumbens. The significance of AADC-positive neurons are discussed in relation to the acting sites of L-dopa and antipsychotic drugs.
(キーワード): Adult / Aged / Animals / Aromatic-L-Amino-Acid Decarboxylases / Caudate Nucleus / Corpus Striatum / Humans / Immunohistochemistry / Macaca / Middle Aged / Nucleus Accumbens / Putamen / Tyrosine 3-Monooxygenase
(文献検索サイトへのリンク): ● PubMed @ National Institutes of Health, US National Library of Medicine (PMID): 9302099; ● Search Scopus @ Elsevier (PMID): 9302099

(PubMed: 9302099)

総説・解説

西村明儒 :
死因調査から防災対策へ-阪神から南海へ-,
四国医学雑誌, Vol.67, No.5,6, 211-228, 2011年12月.

(要約): An interdisciplinary research series of human casualties on the great Hanshin-Awaji earthquakeand the Niigata Chuetsu earthquake was performed. For the difference of their natural and socialattributes, the great Hanshin-Awaji earthquake was occurred in the urban and heavily populatedarea and the Niigata Chuetsu earthquake was occurred in the rural and sparsely populated area,differences of their structural damage and human casualties and issues for countermeasure to massdisasterwere marked in occasional. In human casualties, there was found an imperceptible differencebetween them. Deaths by traumatic asphyxia under the collapsed housing were main events anddeaths at the place to work and/or to drop in were lesser, however they were found within bothearthquakes. On the next Nankai earthquake, the human casualties will find under the similarcondition of Hanshin, Chuetsu and the eastern Japan earthquake. Spreading consciousness forearthquake-resistant houses and countermeasures for tsunami, and establishing education systemfor talented persons with the skill of the postmortem medical examination and/or taking case forthe families of the deceased is indispensable for the countermeasure on the next Nankai earthquake.
(キーワード): the great Hanshin-Awaji earthquake / Niigata Chuetsu earthquake / traumatic asphyxia / collapse of houses / Nankai earthquake
(徳島大学機関リポジトリ): ● Metadata: 97854
(文献検索サイトへのリンク): ● CiNii @ 国立情報学研究所 (CRID): 1050564287417306368

(徳島大学機関リポジトリ: 97854, CiNii: 1050564287417306368) 西村明儒 :
人の死後の法的取り扱いと死亡診断書(死体検案書),
徳島県医師会報, No.466, 21-29, 2010年3月. M Kane, Y Yamamoto, I Ushiyama, Akiyoshi Nishimura and K Nishi :
Phylogenetic analysis of picoplankton in Lake Biwa and application to legal medicine.,
Electrophoresis, Vol.21, No.2, 351-354, Jan. 2000.

(要約): Three strains of picoplankton designated as brown, green, and pink belonging to the Synechococcus genus in cyanobacteria (approximately 1 microm in size) are found ubiquitously in Lake Biwa, Japan. However, they could not be morphologically discriminated from other bacteria such as Proteobacteria and Bacillus by microscopy. In this study, we attempted to use the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) analysis of the 16S ribosomal DNA (rDNA) from picoplankton for the diagnosis of death by drowning. A segment of 16S rDNA was sequenced in order to investigate their phylogenetic relationships and to design the specific primers. The PCR products from three picoplanktons were compared with those from five other cyanobacteria, Melosira (diatom), Staurastrum (green alga), bacteria from Lake Baikal, and humans. The picogram order of template DNA from picoplankton was specifically amplified by the primers. When the template of picoplankton was mixed with human tissue, at least 10 ng of template DNA was needed to obtain a PCR product. The efficiency of PCR was increased more than hundredfold by isolating the picoplankton from human lung tissue. The specific PCR products of the picoplankton were obtained from a formalin-fixed drowning body (lung and liver) that was found in a downstream river and Lake Biwa. The PCR analysis of the picoplanktion 16S rDNA is considered useful for the diagnosis of death by drowning.
(キーワード): Cyanobacteria / DNA, Bacterial / Humans / Japan / Phylogeny / Polymerase Chain Reaction / Water Microbiology
(出版サイトへのリンク): ● Publication site (DOI): 10.1002/(SICI)1522-2683(20000101)21:2<351::AID-ELPS351>3.0.CO;2-T
(文献検索サイトへのリンク): ● PubMed @ National Institutes of Health, US National Library of Medicine (PMID): 10675014; ● Search Scopus @ Elsevier (PMID): 10675014; ● Search Scopus @ Elsevier (DOI): 10.1002/(SICI)1522-2683(20000101)21:2<351::AID-ELPS351>3.0.CO;2-T

(DOI: 10.1002/(SICI)1522-2683(20000101)21:2<351::AID-ELPS351>3.0.CO;2-T, PubMed: 10675014) S Fujiwara, Y Yanagida, 西村明儒, Y Ueno, J Adachi, Y Tatsuno, Y Mizoi :
[Recent advances in the study on the mechanism of brain injury],
日本法医学雑誌, Vol.47, No.5, 387-397, 1993年10月.

(要約): A cerebral contusion and DAI (diffuse axonal injury) are practically very important in a medico-legal case of the closed head injury. In this paper, we will report the epitome of the recent advances in the study on the mechanism of them. Coup contusion can be mainly attributed to the skull inbending and/or the skull fracture which develop in the impact region. As to the mechanism of the contrecoup contusion, several theories are reported. During rotational movement of the head, intracerebral shear strains would be produced because of brain lag (Holbourn's rotation theory). Anatomical features of the skull plays an important role (Gurdjian). Relative movement between a brain and a skull induces intracranial cavitation due to pressure gradient (Gross's cavitation theory). Brain is injured by deformation pressure induced by skull deformation and acceleration one done by a movement of the head (Lindenberg). The last one is Courville's transmitted waves of force theory. As to DAI, there is Gennarelli's theory. During a rotational movement of a brain caused by high rate of angular acceleration operating for a long period, intracerebral shear strains occur and injure a brain. As to the brain injuries which include a cerebral contusion and DAI, two theories are reported. Centripetal progression of strains to the core of a brain injuries the brain (Ommaya). Natural frequency of impact determines the nature of resulting injury to the brain (Willinger).
(キーワード): Biomechanics / Brain / Brain Concussion / Brain Injuries / Humans / Skull Fractures
(文献検索サイトへのリンク): ● PubMed @ National Institutes of Health, US National Library of Medicine (PMID): 8258903; ● Search Scopus @ Elsevier (PMID): 8258903

(PubMed: 8258903)

講演・発表

Takako Gotohda, Akiyoshi Nishimura, Itsuo Tokunaga and Kyoji Morita :
Immunohistochemical studies on the induction of hepatic fibrosis by subacute inhalation of toluene vapor in rats,
7th ISALM, Osaka, Akiko Ishigami, Itsuo Tokunaga, Hideyuki Nushida and Akiyoshi Nishimura :
Two autopsy cases demonstrating some heavy organs:Histopathological investigation focusing mainly on the pituitary gland.,
9th International Symposium on Advances in Legal Medicine, Jun. 2014. Akiyoshi Nishimura, Akiko Ishigami, H Kurata and Itsuo Tokunaga :
Histopathological investigations of lectin positive spherical deposits detected in the molecular layer of the hippocampal formation with neurofibrillary tangles.,
9th International Symposium on Advances in Legal Medicine, Jun. 2014. Akiko Ishigami, Itsuo Tokunaga, Hara Kenji, Shin-ichi Kubo and Akiyoshi Nishimura :
Application of drug screening kits to organ samples from forensic autopsy cases,
TIAFT2012, 81-82, Hamamatu, Jun. 2012. Hideyuki Nushida, Akiko Ishigami, Itsuo Tokunaga, H Vogel, Akiyoshi Nishimura and A Heinemann :
Mechanism of fracture in hyoid bone-analysis from postmortem CT,
Rechtmedizin, 415, 2011. Hideyuki Nushida, Akiko Ishigami, Itsuo Tokunaga, H Vogel, Akiyoshi Nishimura and A Heinemann :
Mechanism of fracture in hyoid bone-analysis from postmortem CT.,
Rechtmedizin., 415, Frankfurt, 2011. Akiyoshi Nishimura :
Human Casualties on Hanshin (1995) and Chuetsu (2004) Earthquake,
Mizunami International Symposium on Earthquake Casualties and Health Consequences, Nov. 2010. Takako Gotohda, Itsuo Tokunaga and Akiyoshi Nishimura :
The expression of appetite-regulating neuropeptides of depression in forensic autopsy cases,
7th ISALM, Osaka, Sep. 2008. Akiko Ishigami, Shin-ichi Kubo, Itsuo Tokunaga, Takako Gotohda and Akiyoshi Nishimura :
An autopsy case of severe pleuritis induced by the nourishment after misinsertion of a stomach tube: Foreign body giant cells were effective for the proof of a causal relationship.,
7th ISALM, Osaka, Sep. 2008. Akiyoshi Nishimura, Itsuo Tokunaga, Takako Gotohda and Akiko Ishigami :
Lectin positive spherical deposits detected in the molecular layer of the hippocampal formation are related with neuronal apoptosis on schizophrenia.,
7th ISALM, 2008. 西村明儒, 石上安希子, 徳永逸夫 :
剖検脳における認知症に関連する所見の法医学的意義について.,
第26回日本法医学会学術中四国地方集会, 浅野水辺, 久世亜澄, 吉岡直樹, 徳永逸夫, 石上安希子, 西村明儒, 上野易弘 :
HILICカラムを用いたLC/MS/MSによる尿中スキサメトニウムの迅速分析.,
第31回日本中毒学会総会, 石上安希子, 久保真一, 徳永逸夫, 西村明儒 :
肺動脈血栓塞栓症の2剖検例ー下腿深部静脈血栓の成因に関する検討,
第93次日本法医学会全国学術集会, 冨田江一, 平山晃斉, 梅嶋宏樹, 常山幸一, 西村明儒, 主田英之, 赤池雅史, 滝沢宏光, 島田光生, 髙木康志, 橋本一郎, 岩田貴 :
徳島大学医学部の系統解剖実習における画像診断技術・病理診断技術・外科的手術手技を取り入れた垂直連携教育の実践,
第129回日本解剖学会全国学術集会, 2024年3月. 伊藤明日香, 主田英之, 倉田浩充, 梅本ひとみ, 徳永逸夫, 井関博文, 吉田菜々花, 西村明儒 :
床下収納に陥入した体位性窒息の1例,
第40回日本法医学会学術中四国地方集会, 2023年10月. 井関博文, 倉田浩充, 主田英之, 伊藤明日香, 梅本ひとみ, 吉田菜々花, 徳永逸夫, 西村明儒 :
幼児の転倒動作解析における頭部打撲例,
第40回日本法医学会学術中四国地方集会, 2023年10月. 井関博文, 倉田浩充, 主田英之, 伊藤明日香, 梅本ひとみ, 西村明儒 :
小児の日常動作中の転倒における頭部の運動分析,
第14回日本子ども虐待医学会学術集会, 2023年7月. 主田英之, 伊藤明日香, 倉田浩光, 井関博文, 梅本ひとみ, 冨田江一, 鶴尾吉宏, 徳永逸夫, 西村明儒 :
死後CTにおける凍結による脳画像の変化,
第107次日本法医学会学術全国集会, 2023年6月. 西村明儒, 伊藤明日香, 倉田浩充, 梅本ひとみ, 徳永逸夫, 井関博文, 主田英之 :
COVID-19ワクチン接種2日後に死亡した1剖検例,
第107次日本法医学会学術全国集会, 2023年6月. 金山博臣, 赤池雅史, 冨田江一, 鶴尾吉宏, 西村明儒, 西良浩一, 和田佳三 :
徳島大学病院クリニカルアナトミー教育・研究センターの現状と展望,
第128回日本解剖学会総会・全国学術集会, 2023年3月. 梅本ひとみ, 伊藤明日香, 倉田浩充, 主田英之, 徳永逸夫, 井関博文, 西村明儒 :
インスリン過量投与による低血糖脳症の1例,
第39回日本法医学会学術中四国地方集会, 2022年10月. 伊藤明日香, 主田英之, 倉田浩充, 梅本ひとみ, 徳永逸夫, 井関博文, 西村明儒 :
轢過により胸部臓器が上腕皮下に迷入した1例,
第39回日本法医学会学術中四国地方集会, 2022年10月. 井関博文, 倉田浩充, 主田英之, 伊藤明日香, 徳永逸夫, 梅本ひとみ, 西村明儒 :
3次元ビデオによる小児の転倒の動作解析,
第265回徳島医学会学術集会, 2022年7月. 伊藤明日香, 倉田浩充, 主田英之, 徳永逸夫, 梅本ひとみ, 井関博文, 西村明儒 :
交通事故受傷から約3日後に死亡した遅発性S状結腸穿孔の1剖検例,
第265回徳島医学会学術集会, 2022年7月. 伊藤明日香, 倉田浩充, 主田英之, 徳永逸夫, 梅本ひとみ, 井関博文, 西村明儒 :
交通事故による遅発性S状結腸穿孔の1剖検例,
第106次日本法医学会学術全国集会, 2022年6月. 井関博文, 倉田浩充, 主田英之, 伊藤明日香, 徳永逸夫, 西村明儒 :
3次元ビデオによる小児の転倒の動作解析第1報,
第38回日本法医学会学術中四国地方集会, 2021年10月. 伊藤明日香, 倉田浩充, 主田英之, 徳永逸夫, 梅本ひとみ, 西村明儒 :
縊頸による頸部断裂の1例,
第38回日本法医学会学術中四国地方集会, 2021年10月. 主田英之, 梅本ひとみ, 伊藤明日香, 倉田浩充, 徳永逸夫, 西村明儒 :
低温保存死体における死後CT画像の検討,
第105次日本法医学会学術全国集会, 2021年9月. 伊藤明日香, ジャーマルモストファ, 田中直子, 山下忠義, 木下博之, 西村明儒 :
n-プロパノールとプロピオンアルデヒドの血中濃度 -Aldh2ノックアウトマウスでの検討-,
第105次日本法医学会学術全国集会, 2021年9月. 高野栄之, 尾崎拓海, 寺田賢治, 早雲講二, 主田英之, 西村明儒 :
徳島県における大規模災害時の歯科的身元確認の分散化に関する研究,
第18回警察歯科医会全国大会, 2021年2月. 倉田浩充, 主田英之, 徳永逸夫, 井関博文, 梅本ひとみ, 長﨑靖, 西村明儒 :
腹腔鏡下胃切除術後に生じた横隔膜ヘルニアの1症例,
日本法医学会学術中四国地方集会, 2020年. 三笠洋明, 赤池雅史, 西村明儒 :
医療系学部におけるアクティブラーニングの実施状況と満足度および自学自修時間との関係,
第50回日本医学教育学会大会, 2018年8月. Yamada Yoshiko, Yada Keigo, Hiroyuki Nodera, Koichi Sairyo, Masashi Akaike and Akiyoshi Nishimura :
Effectiveness of the medical English course taught by an all-Japanese clinician team,
第21回日本医学英語教育学会, Jul. 2018. 三笠洋明, 赤池雅史, 西村明儒 :
学生の視点に基づいた授業改善の実践とその成果,
第49回日本医学教育学会大会, 2017年8月. 赤池雅史, 三笠洋明, 西村明儒 :
診療参加型臨床実習における学生の満足度と学修到達度の規定因子,
第48回日本医学教育学会大会, 2016年7月. 三笠洋明, 赤池雅史, 西村明儒 :
共通教育課程における留年のリスクファクターに関する研究,
大学教育カンファレンスin徳島, 2016年1月. 倉田浩充, 石上安希子, 徳永逸夫, 長崎靖, 西村明儒 :
初めてのジョギングで心臓性急死をきたした1症例．,
第33回日本法医学会学術中四国地方集会．, 18-19, 2016年. 石上安希子, 倉田浩充, 西村明儒 :
鼠径ヘルニア嵌頓を伴う転落死の一剖検例:嵌頓は転落の原因か結果か?,
第100次日本法医学会学術全国集会, 100, 2016年. 三笠洋明, 赤池雅史, 西村明儒 :
講義の反転授業化により学生の自学自習は促進されるか,
第47回日本医学教育学会大会, 2015年7月. 山田佳子, Bukasa Kalubi, Masashi Akaike and Akiyoshi Nishimura :
Improving doctor-patient communication in extracurricular activities,
第18回日本医学英語教育学会, Jul. 2015. 三笠洋明, 赤池雅史, 西村明儒 :
授業のアクティブラーニング化は学生の自学自習を促進するかー反転授業の場合―,
大学教育カンファレンスin徳島大学, 2014年12月. 倉田浩充, 石上安希子, 徳永逸夫, 長崎靖, 西村明儒 :
脳内に多発性小出血を伴った凍死の一症例．,
第31回日本法医学会学術中四国地方集会, 30-31, 2014年11月. 藤澤健司, 宮本洋二, 山本愛美, 和田明人, 早雲講二, 安田勝裕, 齋賀洋二, 福井一裕, 齋賀明彦, 日下淳, 槇大, 川島周, 神山有史, 笠井祥資, 石上安希子, 西村明儒 :
徳島県における合同遺体対応訓練-歯科医師と他職種の連携について-．,
第13回警察歯科医会全国大会, 95, 2014年8月. 山本愛美, 岩本勉, 藤澤健司, 和田明人, 早雲講二, 安田勝裕, 齋賀洋二, 福井一裕, 川島周, 神山有史, 笠井祥資, 石上安希子, 西村明儒 :
徳島県における合同遺体対応訓練-歯科医師と他職種の連携について-．,
第13回警察歯科医会全国大会, 95, 2014年8月. 石上安希子, 久保真一, 徳永逸夫, 西村明儒 :
徳島県における身元不明死体の個人識別に有用だった身体的特徴．,
第13回警察歯科医会全国大会, 71, 2014年8月. 倉田浩充, 石上安希子, 徳永逸夫, 山田茉樹, 長崎靖, 西村明儒 :
バルプロ酸ナトリウム徐放剤の大量服用による自殺の1剖検例,
第30回日本法医学会学術中四国地方集会，プログラム・口演要旨集, 16-18, 2013年11月. 石上安希子, 原健二, Waters Brain, 徳永逸夫, 山田茉樹, 久保真一, 西村明儒 :
体位性窒息により死亡したと考えられた一剖検例,
第30回日本法医学会学術中四国地方集会，プログラム・口演要旨集, 10-11, 2013年11月. 室伏美希, 藤原敏, 那須亜矢子, 南部さおり, 内山翔太, 西村明儒 :
柔道時の頭部回転加速度,
シンポジウム:スポーツ・アンド・ヒューマン・ダイナミクス, 2013年11月. 赤池雅史, 三笠洋明, 西村明儒 :
臨床医学の教育業績評価,
第45回日本医学教育学会大会, 2013年7月. 三笠洋明, 赤池雅史, 西村明儒 :
ルーブリック評価を活用した項目特性分析による記述式試験問題の評価,
第45回日本医学教育学会大会, 2013年7月. 長崎靖, 高橋玄倫, 上野易弘, 木下博之, 菱田繁, 近藤武史, 羽竹勝彦, 西村明儒, 主田英之, 粕田承吾 :
心臓摘出時に流出する血液量の評価,
第97次日本法医学会学術全国集会，日本法医学雑誌, Vol.67, No.1, 97, 2013年6月. 南部さおり, 那須亜矢子, 西村明儒, 藤原敏 :
裁判員裁判における児童虐待死事件の量刑判断,
第97次日本法医学会学術全国集会，日本法医学雑誌, Vol.67, No.1, 97, 2013年6月. 西村明儒, 石上安希子, 山田茉樹, 倉田浩充, 徳永逸夫 :
南海トラフ4連動地震に向けた徳島県における取り組みについて,
第97次日本法医学会学術全国集会，日本法医学雑誌, Vol.67, No.1, 96, 2013年6月. 山田茉樹, 石上安希子, 徳永逸夫, 西村明儒 :
ヒト剖検脳の海馬歯状回分子層における球状沈着物の免疫組織化学的検討,
第97次日本法医学会学術全国集会，日本法医学雑誌, Vol.67, No.1, 86, 2013年6月. 南部さおり, 那須亜矢子, 西村明儒, 藤原敏 :
柔道事故訴訟における急性硬膜下血腫発症機序の認定,
第97次日本法医学会学術全国集会，日本法医学雑誌, Vol.67, No.1, 73, 2013年6月. 南部さおり, 那須亜矢子, 西村明儒, 藤原敏 :
育児放棄(Neglect)における加害者の「認識」の考察,
第49回日本犯罪学会総会, 2012年12月. 石上安希子, 徳永逸夫, 山田茉樹, 西村明儒 :
医療行為による切創の免疫組織化学的検討,
第29回日本法医学会学術中四国地方集会, 37, 2012年10月. 三笠洋明, 赤池雅史, 西村明儒, 福井義浩 :
共用試験OSCEによる臨床実習前教育の評価:項目特性曲線による評価方法,
第44回日本医学教育学会大会, 2012年7月. 那須亜矢子, 藤原敏, 南部さおり, 小出浩平, 西村明儒 :
ベビーカー乗車中に発生したAbusive Head Trauma症例の実験的検討,
第96次日本法医学会全国集会, Vol.66, No.1, 56, 2012年6月. 石上安希子, 徳永逸夫, 主田英之, 久保真一, 西村明儒 :
溺死症例における肺・胸腔内貯留液・脾臓重量と水域・死後経過時間に関する検討,
第96次日本法医学会学術全国集会, Vol.66, No.1, 77, 2012年6月. 主田英之, M Kammal, H Vogel, 石上安希子, 徳永逸夫, 西村明儒, K Püschel :
救急医療行為の評価-死後CTの所見より,
第28回日本法医学会学術中四国地方集会.プログラム・口演要旨集, 30, 2011年10月. 伊達恵美, 石上安希子, 徳永逸夫, 主田英之, 久保真一, 西村明儒 :
溺死症例における肺・胸腔内貯留液・脾臓重量と水域・死後経過時間に関する検討,
第28回日本法医学会学術中四国地方集会.プログラム・口演要旨集, 39-40, 2011年10月. 石上安希子, 徳永逸夫, 主田英之, 西村明儒 :
臓器重量の増加を認めた下垂体腫瘤の2剖検例,
第95次日本法医学会学術全国集会.日本法医学雑誌, Vol.65, No.1, 69, 2011年6月. 石上安希子, 徳永逸夫, 主田英之, 西村明儒 :
臓器重量の増加を認めた下垂体腫瘤の2剖検例．,
第95次日本法医学会学術全国集会, 2011年6月. 主田英之, 石上安希子, 徳永逸夫, 西村明儒 :
縊頚の所見-死後CT画像での検討,
第95次日本法医学会学術全国集会, 2011年6月.

(キーワード): 死後画像

主田英之, Heinemann Axel, 徳永逸夫, 石上安希子, 西村明儒 :
実践死後画像 - ドイツ・ハンブルグ大学法医学研究所の新しい取り組み,
第242回徳島医学会学術集会, 2011年2月.

(キーワード): 死後画像 / ハンブルグ大学

伊達恵美, 石上安希子, 徳永逸夫, 主田英之, 久保真一, 西村明儒 :
溺死症例における肺・胸腔内貯留液・脾臓重量と水域・死後経過時間に関する検討．,
第28回日本法医学会学術中四国地方集会, 2011年. 主田英之, A Heinemann, H Vogel, 石上安希子, 徳永逸夫, 西村明儒, K Püschel :
副鼻腔貯留液-死後CTの所見より-．第27回日本法医学会学術中四国地方集会,
第27回日本法医学会学術中四国地方集会.プログラム・口演要旨集, 32-33, 2010年11月. 那須亜矢子, 藤原敏, 西村繁, 南部さおり, 西村明儒 :
偏光高速度カメラを用いた脳内応力分布の可視化-ゼラチン脳モデルを用いた実験的研究-．第27回日本法医学会学術中四国地方集会,
第27回日本法医学会学術中四国地方集会.プログラム・口演要旨集, 24-26, 2010年11月. 西村繁, 藤原敏, 那須亜矢子, 南部さおり, 小出浩平, 張月琳, 青村茂, 西村明儒 :
Shaken Baby Syndrome発症時の頭部の運動解析-有限要素法によるシミュレーション-．第27回日本法医学会学術中四国地方集会,
第27回日本法医学会学術中四国地方集会.プログラム・口演要旨集, 22-23, 2010年11月. 那須亜矢子, 藤原敏, 青柳多恵子, 西村繁, 南部さおり, 小出浩平, 西村明儒 :
Shaken baby syndromeの脳損傷発生メカニズムの解明-ゼラチン脳モデルを用いた光弾性実験-．第94次日本法医学会学術全国集会．,
日本法医学雑誌, Vol.64, No.1, 89, 2010年6月. 石上安希子, 久保真一, 徳永逸夫, 西村明儒 :
体内に留置された医療器具が個人識別に有用であった剖検例．第94次日本法医学会学術全国集会,
日本法医学雑誌, Vol.64, No.1, 84, 2010年6月. 長崎靖, 上野易弘, 菱田繁, 木下博之, 粕田承吾, 羽竹勝彦, 西村明儒, 高橋玄倫, 福永龍繁, 高瀬泉 :
屋内での温度環境異常による死亡例の検討-神戸市での調査から-第94次日本法医学会学術全国集会,
日本法医学雑誌, Vol.64, No.1, 68, 2010年6月. 主田英之, Heinemann Axel, Vogel Hermann, 石上安希子, 徳永逸夫, 西村明儒, Puschel Klaus :
副鼻腔貯留液ー死後CTの所見より,
第27回日本法医学会学術中四国地方集会プログラム・口演要旨集, 32-33, 2010年. 石上安希子, 久保真一, 徳永逸夫, 西村明儒 :
体内に留置された医療器具が個人識別に有用であった剖検例,
第94次日本法医学会学術全国集会, 2010年. 石上安希子, 浅野水辺, 徳永逸夫, 上野易弘, 西村明儒 :
筋弛緩剤「サクシン」を誤投与され死亡した一剖検例,
第26回日本法医学会学術中四国地方集会, 2009年10月. 久保真一, 石上安希子, 徳永逸夫, 後藤田貴子, 西村明儒 :
胸腔内に誤投与された経管栄養剤による重症胸膜炎の一剖検例:異物巨細胞の診断意義,
第58回日本法医学会九州地方会, 2008年10月. 西村明儒, 徳永逸夫, 後藤田貴子, 石上安希子 :
静脈路に自ら注入した空気塞栓症の1例,
第25回日本法医学会中四国地方会, 2008年10月. 石上安希子, 徳永逸夫, 後藤田貴子, 西村明儒 :
皮下ポートが個人識別に有用であった一剖検例,
第25回日本法医学会中四国地方会, 2008年10月.

研究会・報告書: 研究者総覧に該当データはありませんでした。

特許

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作品

中野晋, 西村明儒, 杉本卓司, 山口雅人, 齋藤恒範 :
阪神・淡路大震災から20年, --- 阪神・淡路大震災の犠牲者から学ぶ ---,
徳島の環境防災まちづくり, No.4, 2015年1月.

(要約): ケーブルテレビ徳島系列で放映した防災啓発番組の作成．出演者は徳島大学大学院教授・西村明儒氏(法医学)，北淡診療所長・井宮雅宏氏である．阪神・淡路大震災からちょうど20年目となることを踏まえ，地表に現れた野島断層が保存されている兵庫県淡路市の北淡震災記念公園より，阪神・淡路大震災の被害について振りかえった．その後，北淡診療所に移動して，犠牲者の死因分析から見えてくるものについて伝えるという構成である．震災時に兵庫県の監察医として多数の犠牲者の検案書作成にあたられた西村氏，旧北淡町富島地区で仮設診療所を設置して負傷者の治療と犠牲者の検視にあたられた井宮氏，この2人の医師の対談を通して，建物の耐震化や家具の転倒防止の重要性を伝えている．
(キーワード): 阪神・淡路大震災 / 死因分析 / 耐震化

補助金・競争的資金

ウィズコロナ時代の遠隔解析による歯科的身元確認法の開発 (研究課題/領域番号: 21K10254 )
D-ニューロンを用いた脳機能評価法の開発に向けた基礎的研究 (研究課題/領域番号: 15K08872 )
否認事件の裁判員裁判における医学証人の尋問技術に関する研究 (研究課題/領域番号: 25380090 )
有限要素法によるびまん性軸索損傷診断のための立体共培養神経細胞の耐衝撃性評価 (研究課題/領域番号: 25289064 )
法医剖検脳における脳機能評価法の開発に向けた基礎的研究 (研究課題/領域番号: 23590851 )
裁判員裁判における法医学証拠の提示方法と事実認定の適正化に関する研究 (研究課題/領域番号: 22530069 )
Shaken Baby Syndromeにおける脳損傷生成機序の実験的解明 (研究課題/領域番号: 21590739 )
法医剖検脳における統合失調症組織診断法の開発 (研究課題/領域番号: 20590683 )
自殺におけるセロトニン神経系機能異常に関する研究 (研究課題/領域番号: 14570923 )
法医鑑定のための外傷性脳損傷解析有限要素モデルの開発 (研究課題/領域番号: 14570394 )
精神分裂病モノアミン神経系の細胞分子レベルにおける組織化学-剖検脳を用いての研究 (研究課題/領域番号: 12680740 )
脳疾患の法医病理診断-複合糖鎖・生理活性物質の利用- (研究課題/領域番号: 11670413 )
精神分裂病におけるモノアミン神経系の免疫組織化学-剖検脳を用いての研究 (研究課題/領域番号: 10680713 )
法医剖検脳における精神分裂病の生化学的診断とその法医鑑定への応用 (研究課題/領域番号: 07557220 )
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2024年11月14日更新

専門分野・研究分野: 医学 (Medicine)
所属学会・所属協会: 日本法医学会
委員歴・役員歴: 日本法医学会 (評議員 [1997年4月〜2016年3月])
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2024年11月9日更新

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Jグローバル最終確認日: 2024/11/9 01:26
氏名（漢字）: 西村明儒
氏名（フリガナ）: ニシムラアキヨシ
氏名（英字）: Nishimura Akiyoshi
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researchmap最終確認日: 2024/11/10 01:48
氏名（漢字）: 西村明儒
氏名（フリガナ）: ニシムラアキヨシ
氏名（英字）: Nishimura Akiyoshi
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登録日時: 2008/8/27 00:00
更新日時: 2022/9/4 20:32
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学位: 博士（医学）
学位授与機関: 神戸大学
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研究者番号: 60283561

所属（現在）: 2024/4/1 : 徳島大学, 大学院医歯薬学研究部(医学域), 教授

所属（過去の研究課題 情報に基づく）*注記: 2021/4/1 – 2022/4/1 : 徳島大学, 大学院医歯薬学研究部(医学域), 教授
2016/4/1 – 2017/4/1 : 徳島大学, 大学院医歯薬学研究部(医学系), 教授
2015/4/1 : 徳島大学, 大学院ヘルスバイオサイエンス研究部(医学系), 教授
2015/4/1 : 徳島大学, 大学院医歯薬学研究部, 教授
2015/4/1 : 徳島大学, 大学院医師薬学研究部, 教授
2009/4/1 – 2014/4/1 : 徳島大学, ヘルスバイオサイエンス研究部, 教授
2012/4/1 : 徳島大学, 大学院・ヘルスバイオサイエンス研究部, 教授
2008/4/1 – 2010/4/1 : 徳島大学, 大学院・ヘルスバイオサイエンス研究部, 教授
2002/4/1 – 2004/4/1 : 横浜市立大学, 医学部, 助教授
1998/4/1 – 2001/4/1 : 滋賀医科大学, 医学部, 助教授
1996/4/1 : Kobe University of Medical Science, Legal Medicine, Associate Professor

審査区分/研究分野

研究代表者

生物系 / 医歯薬学 / 社会医学 / 法医学
複合領域 / 神経科学(含脳科学) / 神経解剖学・神経病理学

研究代表者以外

生物系 / 医歯薬学 / 社会医学 / 法医学
人文社会系 / 社会科学 / 法学 / 刑事法学
理工系 / 工学 / 機械工学 / 知能機械学・機械システム
医学 / 社会医学 / 法医学
複合領域 / 神経科学(含脳科学) / 神経解剖学・神経病理学
医学 / 内科 / 精神神経科学
小区分57080:社会系歯学関連

キーワード

研究代表者

法医病理学 / lectin / schizophrenia / apoptosis / neuron / hippocampal formation / multi-fluorescent / single strand DNA / immuno electron microsecope / ChAT / NMDA / AADC / immuno electron microscope / dementia / hippocampus / erythropoietin receptor / NOS / N-Cadherin / chondroitin sulfate / Alzheimer / Braak stage / dopaminergic / serotonin / cholinergic / microglia / astrocyte / レクチン / アルツハイマー / Gallias-Braak / 海馬歯状回 / sepiapterin reductase / imminohistochemistry / tyrosine hydroxylase / tetrahydrobiopterin / monoamine / nucleus accumbens / aromatic L-amino acid decarboxylase / immunohistochemistry / モノアミン / 精神分裂病 / セロトニン2Aレセプター / チロシン水酸化酵素 / 芳香族アミノ酸脱炭酸酵素 / nucleus accumbency / レクチン反応陽性球状沈着物 / 海馬 / 歯状回 / 認知症 / 脳損傷 / PTSD / 統合失調症 / 法医神経病理学 / アポトーシス / TAAR1 / Dementia / DDC / ssDNA / D-neuron / 老人斑 / tangles

研究代表者以外

法医学 / Shaken Baby Syndrome / 外傷性脳損傷 / ゼラチンモデル / シミュレーションモデル / ひずみゲージ / 有限要素法 / 光学的応力解析法 / Shaken baby syndrome / 加速度計 / 裁判員裁判 / 医学鑑定 / 事実認定 / 事実認定と医学証拠の相互作用 / 刑事司法と医学証拠の実際 / 医学概念と市民感覚 / 裁判員制度 / びまん性軸索損傷 / 立体共培養 / 神経細胞 / 耐衝撃性評価 / 医学証人 / 証人尋問 / 否認事件 / 刑事司法 / 刑事証拠法 / 医学的証拠 / 医学証拠 / 分裂病 / うつ病 / 法医解剖 / 神経生化学 / 遺伝子多型 / セロトニントランスポーター / セロニントランスポーター / 精神分裂病 / ドーパミン受容体 / グルタミン酸受容体 / Schizophrenia / Depression / Forensic autopsy / Neurochemistry / Polimorphizm of gene / Serotonin transporter / ヒト / ドーパミン / 中脳 / セロトニン / モノアミン / 免疫組織化学 / チロシン水酸化酵素 / 芳香族アミノ酸脱炭酸酵素 / GTP cyclohydrolaseI / B型モノアミン酸化酵素 / セロトニン2A受容体 / 睡眠 / GTP cyclohydrolase I / チロシナーゼ / human / dopamine / midbrain / serotonin / monoamine / immunohistochemistry / tyrosine hydroxylase / aromatic L-amino acid decarboxylase / 複合糖鎖 / 脳疾患 / 糖鎖沈着 / 組織化学 / 法医病理 / レクチン / ペプチダーゼ / 糖鎖構造物質 / glycoconjugate / carbohydrate chain / degenerative deposition / histochemistry / brain disorder / 法医鑑定 / 脳挫傷 / 有限要素法解析 / ヒト頭部有限要素モデル / β-APP / 神経病理 / Forensic medicine judgment / Traumatic brain injury / Cerebral contusion / Diffuse axonal injury / Finite element analysis / Finite element human head model / Neuropathology / 自殺 / suicide / serononin / gene polymorphism / 個人識別 / 災害歯科医学 / 画像解析 / 大規模災害 / 身元確認 / 歯科法医学 / AI

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大規模広域災害時の地域継続力を飛躍的に向上させる地域継続戦略の構築（中野晋）

中野晋西村明儒上月康則馬場俊孝小川宏樹武藤裕則内海千種西山賢一蒋景彩田村隆雄金井純子湯浅恭史阪根健二野々村敦子

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西村 明儒

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西村明儒